PBS高端访谈:纽约警察局将会如何回应大陪审团对Eric Gardner案件的审判

 　　GWEN IFILL: In two cases, in two cities, in less than two weeks, two grand juries declined to indict¹ white police officers accused of killing² unarmed black men. But in today's case, in New York, it was on tape.

　　Hari Sreenivasan has more on the case of Eric Garner³.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: Reaction to the grand jury decision has been sharp and highlights a very tense relationship between police in New York City and the communities they serve. It's also a test for its new mayor.

　　Joining us now is Pervaiz Shallwani, criminal justice reporter for The Wall Street Journal.

　　So, surprised by this?

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI, The Wall Street Journal: You know, I think there is some surprise by this.

　　I think some people believed that, because there was a video in this case, that there was a little bit more of a clear-cut path to a charge of some kind. And, you know, the grand jury ultimately decided⁴ that there wasn't.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: OK. The parallels and the not-so-parallels with Ferguson?

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: I think that some of the parallels are, there is — there is a belief that it's almost impossible to indict a police officer in a case where the autopsy⁵ reveals that there's a homicide, but there are very different situations here, just, you know, in, one, how they sort of played out, and, two, the — the on-the-ground the way the situation is.

　　I think New York City is a much different situation than Ferguson is.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: All right, we just played a little bit of the video. And I think most of the country is sitting there wondering, wait, this is — everyone can see that something horrible happened to this man, that there was a chokehold applied⁶.

　　The New York City Police Department came out and said, this is not a maneuver⁷ that we authorize⁸. The coroner or the medical examiner said this is homicide by choking. Yet still the grand jury couldn't come up with…

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Well, they said it was in part by a homicide by choking.

　　But, you know, what the — what the medical examiner determines and how a criminal investigation⁹ unfolds is very different. You know, chokeholds are banned by use by the NYPD, but the unions and the officer had maintained that it's a maneuver that they were taught at the academy and he was using that maneuver, and not intended to be a chokehold at all.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: All right, this evening, we also heard the mayor go out and say that this is just one chapter that's closed.

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Correct.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: This is something the New York Police Department and the city has been preparing for.

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Correct.

　　The NYPD has been preparing for this for weeks. The police commissioner¹⁰ even last week after the Ferguson riots sent down a couple of his own detectives to learn on-the-ground techniques and learn — get on-the-ground information for how New York City could proceed, you know, when Eric Garner's decision came down.

　　You still have two other pending¹¹ investigations¹². You have an internal affairs investigation that will determine if officer Pantaleo was actually in violation¹³ of NYPD protocol¹⁴. You also have the Department of Justice announcing that they're opening a civil rights investigation today into the Eric Garner matter.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: OK. So when these investigations happen, is that going to change the feeling of the cops on the street, the ones that you talk to as you do your reporting? Right now, what's the position that they're in?

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: It's going to depend on how things sort of unfold I think over next couple days.

　　I mean, there is some apprehension¹⁵ on the — on the part of the cops, what you hear from some of the unions out there, but, at the same time, you hear the police department say that the cops are going to, you know, go through some retraining. And, ultimately, they expect officers to do their jobs.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: All right, and what kinds of retraining has the police department considered in the wake of this and in the wake of the Ferguson case, which, while it's different, is coming within a week of this?

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Sure.

　　The NYPD announced about a week after the Eric Garner incident, less than a week after the Eric Garner incident, that it was going to retrain all 35,000 of its officers. That retraining has already begun, particularly this week. And it's going to focus on things like use of force, use of language and a retraining of some of these techniques that are used in the field.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: And what about the change that the New York Police Department went through in the beginning — at the Garner incident, they said someone died in custody¹⁶. After the video came out, it was a different narrative¹⁷ altogether.

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Well, I think, to listen to the NYPD, the NYPD said that they didn't realize ultimately that there was a video. And once they realized there was a video, that video was reviewed. And I think they came out and gave what they believed was part of an investigation — how the investigation then would move forward out of that.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: And the prosecutor¹⁸ also said today, almost setting the tone, don't expect all of the evidence to be made public, as it was in the Ferguson matter.

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Correct.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: Right.

　　And we don't really know whether he tried to go after a lesser¹⁹ charge of, say, manslaughter.

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Right.

　　I mean, it's just not 100 percent clear what charges were presented to the grand jury. The Staten Island district attorney has come out and said that, you know, the laws in New York are different from the laws in Missouri. And so he is bound by New York laws and must go to a judge to release some information, and it's not even — unclear what kind of information he is seeking to release.

　　In Missouri, you know, the laws allowed them to release all the grand jury testimony²⁰.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: And, finally, is there any action that the New York Police Department can take independent of this grand jury or the Department of Justice?

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Yes, absolutely.

　　As it pertains²¹ to officer Pantaleo and even the other officer that was with him, who have both been played on — placed on modified duty, they're looking in to determine if they violated any of the NYPD protocols²². The NYPD protocols say that there is no use of chokehold allowed.

　　Now, it will be up to the internal affairs investigators²³ to determine if officer Pantaleo violated that, and then up to the board to make a recommendation on what kind of discipline he gets. And it could be up to as far as him being fired from the police force by police Commissioner Bratton.

　　HARI SREENIVASAN: OK.

　　Pervaiz Shallwani of The Wall Street Journal, thanks very much.

　　PERVAIZ SHALLWANI: Thanks, Hari.

1 indict   

v.起诉，控告，指控

参考例句：

• You can't indict whole people for the crudeness of a few.您不能因少数人的粗暴行为就控诉整个民族。
• I can indict you for abducting high school student.我可以告你诱拐中学生。

2 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

3 garner   

v.收藏；取得

参考例句：

• He has garnered extensive support for his proposals.他的提议得到了广泛的支持。
• Squirrels garner nuts for the winter.松鼠为过冬储存松果。

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

5 autopsy   

n.尸体解剖；尸检

参考例句：

• They're carrying out an autopsy on the victim.他们正在给受害者验尸。
• A hemorrhagic gut was the predominant lesion at autopsy.尸检的主要发现是肠出血。

6 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

7 maneuver   

n.策略[pl.]演习；v.(巧妙)控制；用策略

参考例句：

• All the fighters landed safely on the airport after the military maneuver.在军事演习后，所有战斗机都安全降落在机场上。
• I did get her attention with this maneuver.我用这个策略确实引起了她的注意。

8 authorize   

v.授权，委任；批准，认可

参考例句：

• He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
• Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。

9 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

10 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

11 pending   

prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的

参考例句：

• The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
• He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。

12 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

13 violation   

n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯

参考例句：

• He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
• He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

14 protocol   

n.议定书，草约，会谈记录，外交礼节

参考例句：

• We must observe the correct protocol.我们必须遵守应有的礼仪。
• The statesmen signed a protocol.那些政治家签了议定书。

15 apprehension   

n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑

参考例句：

• There were still areas of doubt and her apprehension grew.有些地方仍然存疑，于是她越来越担心。
• She is a girl of weak apprehension.她是一个理解力很差的女孩。

16 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

17 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。

18 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

19 lesser   

adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地

参考例句：

• Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
• She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及，但程度较轻。

20 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

21 pertains   

关于( pertain的第三人称单数 )； 有关； 存在； 适用

参考例句：

• When one manages upward, none of these clear and unambiguous symbols pertains. 当一个人由下而上地管理时，这些明确无误的信号就全都不复存在了。
• Her conduct hardly pertains to a lady. 她的行为与女士身份不太相符。

22 protocols   

n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 )；（外交条约的）草案；（数据传递的）协议；科学实验报告（或计划）

参考例句：

• There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
• Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网

23 investigators   

n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
• The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》