PBS高端访谈:欧洲国界管理的松懈将会为抓捕恐怖分子制造困难

 　　GWEN IFILL: We return now to the hunt for terrorists in Europe.

　　Today's raids against armed militants¹ in Belgium highlighted the trend of European Muslims traveling to Syria and Iraq to fight. Europol says that as many as 5,000 Europeans have joined the conflict there. Hundreds have returned to Europe, where authorities fear they may use their military training to launch attacks.

　　For more on this, I'm joined by Lorenzo Vidino of the European Foundation for Democracy. He studies Islamism and political violence in Europe and North America.

　　So, officials say there is no direct connection to the Paris attacks, Mr. Vidino, but they seem awfully² similar.

　　LORENZO VIDINO, European Foundation for Democracy: Yes, absolutely.

　　What we see right now in Belgium is two different situations. It was the — allegedly the arrest of the individual who provided the weapons to Coulibaly, the man who attacked the supermarket in Paris, but they also allegedly thwarted³ a plot which traces its routes to Syria to carry out attacks in Belgium, so a very tense situation many Belgium with two ongoing⁴ situations.

　　GWEN IFILL: Is the Syria connection particularly problematic in Europe, where the borders are so porous⁵?

　　LORENZO VIDINO: Oh, absolutely.

　　First of all, the borders are porous when it comes to Turkey. So, it's very easy for Europeans to go to Turkey. In many cases, you don't even need a passport. Just with an I.D., you can travel to Turkey. And then it's easy from the Turkish border the make your way in into Syria.

　　Equally easy is to come back from Syria to Turkey and then to European countries. And, finally, it's very easy to go from one country and another. There is no border anymore between European countries. One travels like you travel from state to state in the U.S. The problem is that the police does not have the same power, so there are borders for authorities.

　　So French police cannot investigate and operate in let's say Belgium or Spain, but the terrorists move freely. That's a big problem for Europe.

　　GWEN IFILL: You're in Milan tonight in Italy and you work in Belgium. Is there — from the people you talk to on the continent, is there a particular nervousness, tension about the potential for these kinds of attacks or plots to spread?

　　LORENZO VIDINO: Yes, obviously, you do see a larger presence of police in many potential targets.

　　I don't think there's panic in terms of population, but obviously that's what people talk about. It's in the media. And you do see some tensions in society. So, obviously, these are tense times. It's nothing new in European history. We have dealt with Islamist terrorism for the last 15 years. We have had other forms of terrorism, right-wing, left-wing, nationalist, in the past.

　　So it's really nothing new. At the same time, obviously, there are some tensions. And it's a new form of terrorism which is in some way particularly insidious⁶. So it's problematic, indeed.

　　GWEN IFILL: In Brussels lately and in Belgium in general, there have been — there's a history of some attacks recently.

　　LORENZO VIDINO: There was indeed another attack back in May, where another returnee from Syria, French individual who was radicalized in prison, traveled to Syria, fought for one year in Syria, then came back to Europe, managed to get an AK-47 and went inside a Jewish museum in Brussels and killed four people. He was then subsequently arrested.

　　A lot of the dynamics⁷ that we have seen now with France and Belgium were already visible back then. We do see these sort of dynamics throughout Europe, where there have been several plots thwarted in many countries, from the U.K. to even peaceful Switzerland and Sweden. And so it is a problem.

　　The numbers you mentioned are particularly problematic, up to 5,000 individuals. That's a huge number that creates a lot of problems for authorities to monitor them. There's a lack of manpower and there is obviously a legal problem in monitoring all these people.

　　GWEN IFILL: Is there a distinction or a distinction without a difference between Islamic State militants and al-Qaida militants in terms of trying to trace the source of all of this activism and terrorism?

　　LORENZO VIDINO: No, I think it's — there's obviously an importance.

　　We know the two groups are at odds⁸. They are actually in competition on some level, and at the leadership level, there is a bit of a rivalry⁹ between the two. And in a way, the argument is that one is trying to outdo the other by carrying out spectacular and symbolic¹⁰ attacks.

　　I think, at the grassroots level, when it comes to aspiring¹¹ terrorists, aspiring jihadists, for them, those distinctions don't really make much sense. People who want to sort of get involved a bit, embrace this ideology¹² and want to mobilize, to them, al-Qaida, the Islamic State make little sense. It's a distinction, but it doesn't really matter.

　　What they want to do is do something, whether it's in Syria or here in New York. Whether they do it with al-Qaida and the Islamic State, it matters very little to them.

　　GWEN IFILL: Lorenzo Vidino of the European Foundation for Democracy in Brussels, thank you very much.

　　LORENZO VIDINO: Thank you.

1 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

2 awfully   

adv.可怕地，非常地，极端地

参考例句：

• Agriculture was awfully neglected in the past.过去农业遭到严重忽视。
• I've been feeling awfully bad about it.对这我一直感到很难受。

3 thwarted   

阻挠( thwart的过去式和过去分词 )； 使受挫折； 挫败； 横过

参考例句：

• The guards thwarted his attempt to escape from prison. 警卫阻扰了他越狱的企图。
• Our plans for a picnic were thwarted by the rain. 我们的野餐计划因雨受挫。

4 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

5 porous   

adj.可渗透的，多孔的

参考例句：

• He added sand to the soil to make it more porous.他往土里掺沙子以提高渗水性能。
• The shell has to be slightly porous to enable oxygen to pass in.外壳不得不有些细小的孔以便能使氧气通过。

6 insidious   

adj.阴险的，隐匿的，暗中为害的，（疾病）不知不觉之间加剧

参考例句：

• That insidious man bad-mouthed me to almost everyone else.那个阴险的家伙几乎见人便说我的坏话。
• Organized crime has an insidious influence on all who come into contact with it.所有和集团犯罪有关的人都会不知不觉地受坏影响。

7 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

8 odds   

n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别

参考例句：

• The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
• Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗？

9 rivalry   

n.竞争，竞赛，对抗

参考例句：

• The quarrel originated in rivalry between the two families.这次争吵是两家不和引起的。
• He had a lot of rivalry with his brothers and sisters.他和兄弟姐妹间经常较劲。

10 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

11 aspiring   

adj.有志气的；有抱负的；高耸的v.渴望；追求

参考例句：

• Aspiring musicians need hours of practice every day. 想当音乐家就要每天练许多小时。
• He came from an aspiring working-class background. 他出身于有抱负的工人阶级家庭。 来自辞典例句

12 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。