PBS高端访谈:特朗普呼吁阿拉伯世界团结起来对抗极端主义

 　　For some perspective on President Trump¹'s speech, I am joined here in the studio by Gary Sick,

　　our senior research scholar from Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs.

　　He served on the National Security Council for Presidents Carter, Ford², and Reagan.

　　And in Washington, Farah Pandith, a senior fellow with Council on Foreign Relations, joins us.

　　She serves on the secretary of homeland security's advisory³ council and previously⁴ served in the Obama and Bush administrations.

　　Gary, there seem to be a couple of recurring⁵ themes in this speech.

　　One, the leaders in this room must stand up against terrorism, and, two, Iran is a common enemy.

　　What do you think about the president focusing in on those two themes?

　　He really wanted to reset⁶ the relationship with the Islamic world.

　　His campaign was full of attacks Islam in general and basically treating everybody as a terrorist.

　　And I think he's learned a lot since got into office.

　　He's met with a lot of Islamic leaders and has come to a conclusion that they are not all that bad and that you can work with them.

　　In fact, I think what he's discovered is he needs to work with them.

　　With regard to the other side of that and the way you do it is to adopt the position that all of those Arabs are taking.

　　And the Sunnis who are in the room and I was almost all Sunnis, I didn't see — I don't believe there were any other represents of say Kurds or Shia that were there.

　　The message was, we share your view completely, that Iran is the bad guy,

　　that everything that goes wrong in the Middle East is because of Iran and we share your view on that without equivocation⁷.

　　So, he said, one, he said, I'm not going to preach to you.

　　In fact, changing the tone from where President Obama was, saying we think that the way you treat your own people is important.

　　He said, we're not going to bother telling you that, we're not going to preach to you at all.

　　But then he did go ahead and when he decided⁸ to preach, it was to Iran.

　　And basically here was a country across the water who just had an election,

　　57 percent of them voted for moderate guy who was not supported necessarily by the supreme⁹ leader and that went unmentioned.

　　I want to bring Farah into the conversation. The president spoke¹⁰ about gradual reforms versus¹¹ intervention¹², and having tolerance¹³ for one another,

　　but then there was those — that one theory of period (ph) of that drive them out, that very forceful language he used.

　　I want to get your take on how was that received in the room by those leaders and then how will that be received by the average Muslim citizen?

　　This idea that Muslim should work together to fight terrorist organizations is not new.

　　What was very important, and he did very strongly was to talk about the ideology¹⁴ that underpins¹⁵ extremism,

　　yet he didn't go into specifics about where that ideology came from.

　　And I think it's important to understand that here he is in Riyadh, a country that, you know, really has a lot to do with the spread of violent ideology around the world.

　　ISIS uses the textbooks from Saudi Arabia, you know, in their so-called caliphate. So, there is a connection there.

　　So, he danced around some of the themes that were very important, but he didn't get into specifics.

　　The second piece, certainly, is that who was he speaking to?

　　Yes, he was speaking to the 50-plus leaders and Muslim majority countries and it was very clear that this speech was to them.

　　It was not to Muslim communities around the world. He did not do the kind of extension to communities that you would have expected if that's what the audience really was.

　　So, for example, while he talked about the demographic of youth in the Middle East,

　　that there was great potential, let's remember that there are more Muslims that live outside of the Middle East than in it.

　　Let's remember that there are over a billion Muslims around the world that are under the age of 30, he did not talk about the future that they can have,

　　if they work together, and he didn't offer any deliverables in this speech for those young Muslims

　　which is a direct contrast obviously to President Obama's speech in Cairo which did both the thematic piece and also the deliverable side.

　　Farah, what do you think of the new Terrorism Finance Targeting Center?

　　I don't think it was lost on anyone that this was announced in Saudi Arabia which has a history we know of financing certain groups.

　　You know, it is really interesting and striking that in that room, we are looking at other Gulf¹⁶ states who have invested in both the messaging piece, the ideological¹⁷ piece,

　　how do you push back against the ideology of extremists, and they have been partners with us in pushing back against the financing.

　　And I think it was a mixed message by Trump. I mean, I applaud the president for calling out Muslim majority states to do more.

　　I think he's right to do that. He was also right to talk about the authenticity¹⁸ of a Muslim voice in speaking to Muslim communities,

　　to actually protect the spread of this ideology. But, you know, it didn't match with what those Muslim majority states are actually doing.

　　So, there are centers in the UAE that are doing a lot of work around the messaging.

　　Saudi Arabia is, you know, a very important player in all of this because here the president is talking about a $400 billion economic deal

　　that he is delivering to Saudi Arabia and offering Americans the opportunity to say we're going to get jobs from that.

　　But what I would like the president to also do is offer a deal to America and that means using his influence to make sure that Saudi Arabia doesn't incite¹⁹ hate around the world.

　　And he could have offered that in a way that was more clear in this speech. And so, these centers that talk about financing,

　　these centers that talk about messaging, are hollow if there's no — there are no teeth behind what is actually being said.

　　We didn't hear a lot about human rights. There was a brief nod to women. Why do you think these ideas were absent?

　　I think that the audience in America is probably very shocked to see so little about democracy and freedom and human rights from this president.

　　And I think for Muslim communities around the world, it's what they want to hear from America, that we stand up for those minorities,

　　that we work hard to advocate for things that are just and true. And it is an uncommon²⁰ thing for an American president not to do that.

　　Gary, what do you think about this absence of the discussion of human rights or women's rights?

　　You know, they actually complained very much about President Obama talking over the heads of their leaders to the people as if this was a bad thing.

　　I never saw that as a bad thing. I thought that talking over the heads of these leaders if you looked around the room with the people who were there

　　and talking to their people directly wasn't a bad thing at all, and that's something as Farah said, he just didn't do that.

　　If you want a reset of U.S. policy in the Middle East, he's saying, we're going to reset it,

　　we're going to deal with leaders who are there regardless of what their backgrounds are and regardless of whether we agree with them or not,

　　or whether they share our values or not, we're not going to worry too much about their own people, we're not going to worry about their youth movement,

　　we're going to do deals with them, and we're going to give them something and they're going to give us something in return. And, basically, that's our new policy.

　　Farah, your thoughts on this? The U.S. made a calculation to take the very first step overseas and go to Saudi Arabia with the premise²¹ that,

　　in fact, they're going to the heart of where Muslims are, and there's a problematic symbolism with that.

　　Saudi Arabia wants you to believe that they speak for all of Islam,

　　while most Muslims live as I mentioned outside the Middle East, and in fact, I don't see Saudi Arabia's form of Islam as the right kind of Islam.

　　And for Americans, we cannot determine which is the right sect²² or the wrong sect of Islam

　　but what we can do is to say to a country like Saudi Arabia that you don't have the opportunity to speak for 1.6 billion people,

　　and what we did here is we legitimized their viewpoint that they are the ones that are the center of Islam.

　　And I think that is going to be an interesting thing to watch as the weeks and months go ahead.

　　Farah Pandith and Gary Sick — thank you both for your analysis. Thank you. Thank you. undefined

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

3 advisory   

adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询

参考例句：

• I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
• He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。

4 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

5 recurring   

adj.往复的，再次发生的

参考例句：

• This kind of problem is recurring often. 这类问题经常发生。
• For our own country, it has been a time for recurring trial. 就我们国家而言，它经过了一个反复考验的时期。

6 reset   

v.重新安排，复位；n.重新放置；重放之物

参考例句：

• As soon as you arrive at your destination,step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
• He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。

7 equivocation   

n.模棱两可的话，含糊话

参考例句：

• These actions must be condemned without equivocation. 对这些行为必须毫不含糊地予以谴责。 来自辞典例句
• With caution, and with some equivocation, Bohr took a further step. 玻尔谨慎地而又有些含糊其词地采取了更深入的步骤。 来自辞典例句

8 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

9 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

10 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

11 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

12 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

13 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

14 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

15 underpins   

n.基础材料( underpin的名词复数 )；基础结构；（学说、理论等的）基础；（人的）腿v.用砖石结构等从下面支撑（墙等）( underpin的第三人称单数 )；加固（墙等）的基础；为（论据、主张等）打下基础；加强

参考例句：

• A powerful sense of mission underpins everything he does. 一种强烈的使命感支撑他所做的一切。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His presence at the crime underpins the case against him. 案子发生时他在场对他更不利。 来自辞典例句

16 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

17 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

18 authenticity   

n.真实性

参考例句：

• There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will. 对于他的遗嘱的真实性一直有争论。
• The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting. 博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。

19 incite   

v.引起，激动，煽动

参考例句：

• I wanted to point out he was a very good speaker, and could incite a crowd.我想说明他曾是一个非常出色的演讲家，非常会调动群众的情绪。
• Just a few words will incite him into action.他只需几句话一将，就会干。

20 uncommon   

adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的

参考例句：

• Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。
• Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。

21 premise   

n.前提；v.提论，预述

参考例句：

• Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。
• We can deduce a conclusion from the premise.我们可以从这个前提推出结论。

22 sect   

n.派别，宗教，学派，派系

参考例句：

• When he was sixteen he joined a religious sect.他16岁的时候加入了一个宗教教派。
• Each religious sect in the town had its own church.该城每一个宗教教派都有自己的教堂。