PBS高端访谈:更新艺术消费的道德标准

JOHN YANG: In this MeToo era, there is artistic¹ question to consider: How do we think about Charlie Rose interviews, Miramax movies, or "Cosby Show" reruns? In other words, should we separate the art from the artist? Earlier this week, the influential² rapper XXXTentacion was murdered in Florida. Critics and fans call him a gifted artist, but he had also been awaiting trial on various criminal charges. So, what do we make of his music and of the work of other artists whose behavior has been called into question? Tonight, "New Yorker" music critic Amanda Petrusich shares her Humble³ Opinion on how we should answer those questions.

AMANDA PETRUSICH, "The New Yorker": For decades, if not centuries, art critics have repeated an odd dictum: Always separate the art from the artist. It's a funny rule, because so much of what's been canonized as triumphant⁴ or profound work is considered successful in part because it is personal. In my experience, if we can't find the humanity in something, it means far less to us. As a music critic, a huge part of my job consists of contextualizing a song or album in its cultural moment and on a creative continuum, figuring out how it works and what it means in relation to everything around it. But, according to the old rules, the artist himself who he is, what he does, how he behaves, what he believes, should remain off-limits. It's become increasingly obvious that this way of thinking is outdated⁵ and dangerous. We can't simply cleave⁶ a song from the consciousness that created it because we like it, or because it's fun to dance to, or because we don't want to reckon with the idea that bad people can make beautiful things. It's on me to consider the ethical⁷ implications of my fandom. This means disavowing the work of artists who have been credibly⁸ or repeatedly accused of heinous⁹ crimes or whose behavior over time indicates some deep moral fissure¹⁰. The streaming service Spotify briefly¹¹ banned music by two artists who have been accused of horrifying¹² physical and sexual violence, the R&B singer R. Kelly and the rapper XXXTentacion, on its curated play lists. I have enjoyed records by both of these artists. I have considered their work important and visionary. But I'm uncomfortable with supporting them financially and I'm even more uncomfortable with tacitly approving or tolerating violence against women. This is different than censorship. This is making a choice to be explicit¹³ about what we as listeners and consumers and fans will and will not accept. Spotify eventually restored those artists to its play lists, saying it didn't want to play judge and jury. These deliberations aren't simple. Is it easier to pretend that the art and artist who made it are distinct? Of course. Is the process of determining who is decent vs. who is monstrous¹⁴ going to be clean, or easy or fun? Certainly not. In my career, I have spoken with dozens of musicians, writers and filmmakers who have talked about the creative process as a kind of sense-making experience.

For many artists, it's simply how they figure out who they are and what they think. We can't pretend that songs or books or television shows just appear fully¹⁵ formed in the world, independent of any ideology¹⁶ or intention. The art is the artist. You don't get one without the other.

JOHN YANG: On the "NewsHour" online right now: What would it take to turn President Trump's vision of a space force branch of the armed services into reality? We asked experts to weigh in. That analysis and more is on our Web site, PBS.org/NewsHour.

约翰·杨：在这个MeToo时代，我们要考虑一个艺术问题：我们如何看待查理·罗斯名人访谈录、米拉麦克斯影片或“考斯比一家”的重播？换而言之，我们是否应该将艺术家与艺术相分离？本周早些时候，颇具影响力的说唱歌手XXXTentacion在佛罗里达州遭遇谋杀。评论家和影迷们称他是个天才艺术家，但他也一直在等待各种刑事指控的审判。那么，我们如何看待他的音乐以及那些行为失检的其他艺术家的作品？今晚，《纽约客》音乐评论家阿曼达·彼得鲁西奇在《管见所及》栏目，就如何回答这些问题发表了自己的看法。

阿曼达·彼得鲁西奇，《纽约客》：如果没有几个世纪，也有几十年了，艺术评论家们不断重复着一个奇怪的格言：永远要将艺术与艺术家分开。这个规则很有趣，因为很多胜利或深刻的工作被认为是成功的，部分原因是因为它是个人所做的。在我的经验中，如果我们找不到事物中的人性，这项事物对我们的意义就少了很多。作为一个音乐评论家，我工作中的一大部分是在一个文化瞬间内以及一个创造性的连续体中对一首歌曲或一张专辑进行语境化，弄清楚它如何运作以及对周围的一切意味着什么。但是，按照那些旧规则，艺术家自己是什么人，他做什么，他的行为，他的信仰，应该都不受限制。这种思维方式过时而危险，这点越来越明显。我们不能因为喜欢一首歌，或者因为舞跳得很有意思，或者因为我们不想考虑坏人能制造美丽事物的想法，就简单地把它从创作它的意识中分离开。我要考虑这些对我粉丝的伦理含义。这意味着对于那些曾经一再遭受可信指控，犯下滔天大罪的艺术家们，或者随着时间的推移，行为显示出一些深层次道德裂痕的艺术家们而言，他们的作品将被否定。流媒体服务平台“声田”直接将两名受到指控的艺术家，R&B歌手罗伯特·西尔维斯特·凯利和说唱歌手XXXTACACION从其平台的策展名单中除掉，因他们被指控犯有骇人听闻的身体暴力和性暴力罪行。我很欣赏这两位艺术家的唱片作品。我认为他们的工作重要而有远见。但我不愿意在经济上支持他们，我更不愿意默许或容忍他们对妇女的暴力行为。这与审查制度不同。这是一个明确的选择，我们作为听众、消费者和粉丝将会或不会接受。“声田”最终将这些艺术家的作品恢复到其播放列表中，称它不想扮演法官和陪审团的角色。这些深思熟虑并不简单。假装认为艺术和艺术家互为分离，是不是更容易？当然。这是不是决定谁得体，谁怪诞，谁干净，谁轻松或谁有趣的过程？当然不是。在我的职业生涯中，我曾与许多音乐家、作家和电影制作人有过交谈，他们说创造过程是一种感官体验。对许多艺术家来说，这就是他们如何理解自己和自己想法的方式。我们不能假装，歌曲、书籍或电视节目完全生长在独立于任何意识形态或意念的世界中。艺术就是艺术家。唇齿相依。

约翰·杨：“新闻一小时”线上正在播出：要将特朗普总统，发展空间军事力量这一愿景变为现实，需要什么？

我们请专家们进行考量。在我们的网站PBS.org/NewsHour上，您可以看到分析以及更多内容。

1 artistic   

adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的

参考例句：

• The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
• These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。

2 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

3 humble   

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

• In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
• Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

4 triumphant   

adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的

参考例句：

• The army made a triumphant entry into the enemy's capital.部队胜利地进入了敌方首都。
• There was a positively triumphant note in her voice.她的声音里带有一种极为得意的语气。

5 outdated   

adj.旧式的，落伍的，过时的；v.使过时

参考例句：

• That list of addresses is outdated,many have changed.那个通讯录已经没用了，许多地址已经改了。
• Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears.我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。

6 cleave   

v．(clave；cleaved)粘着，粘住；坚持；依恋

参考例句：

• It examines how the decision to quit gold or to cleave to it affected trade policies.论文分析了放弃或坚持金本位是如何影响贸易政策的。
• Those who cleave to the latter view include many conservative American politicians.坚持后一种观点的大多是美国的保守派政客。

7 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

8 credibly   

ad.可信地；可靠地

参考例句：

• I am credibly informed that. 由可靠方面听说。
• An effective management software ensures network to run credibly. 一个高效的网管软件是网络运行的可靠保证。

9 heinous   

adj.可憎的，十恶不赦的

参考例句：

• They admitted to the most heinous crimes.他们承认了极其恶劣的罪行。
• I do not want to meet that heinous person.我不想见那个十恶不赦的人。

10 fissure   

n.裂缝；裂伤

参考例句：

• Though we all got out to examine the fissure,he remained in the car.我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却呆在车上。
• Ground fissure is the main geological disaster in Xi'an city construction.地裂缝是西安市主要的工程地质灾害问题。

11 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

12 horrifying   

a.令人震惊的，使人毛骨悚然的

参考例句：

• He went to great pains to show how horrifying the war was. 他极力指出战争是多么的恐怖。
• The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate. 战争的可能性太可怕了，真不堪细想。

13 explicit   

adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的

参考例句：

• She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
• He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。

14 monstrous   

adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的

参考例句：

• The smoke began to whirl and grew into a monstrous column.浓烟开始盘旋上升，形成了一个巨大的烟柱。
• Your behaviour in class is monstrous!你在课堂上的行为真是丢人！

15 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

16 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。