PBS高端访谈:民主党人转战爱荷华州

JOHN YANG: With eight months before the first-in-the-nation Iowa caucuses¹, the largest group of presidential hopefuls descended² on the Hawkeye State this weekend. As Lisa Desjardins reports, this will be a decisive week in the 2020 campaign.

LISA DESJARDINS: In Iowa this weekend, a shift into high gear, the campaign signs, the colors, the chants, all of it cresting³ and competing in Cedar⁴ Rapids.

RALLIERS: JDK is the candidate for me!

LISA DESJARDINS: Nineteen presidential candidates were there for the state Democratic Party Hall of Fame dinner, but, first, they faced off in mini-rallies outside.

New Jersey⁵ Senator Cory Booker: SEN. CORY BOOKER (D-NJ), Presidential Candidate: We have got the determination. We have the love that it takes to win the nomination⁶ and beat Donald Trump⁷!

LISA DESJARDINS: It was a fight for visuals. South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg played the keyboard, and many campaigns battled on social media, trying to prove they are organized and, above all, excited.

RALLIERS: I-O-W-A, Elizabeth Warren all the way!

LISA DESJARDINS: Inside the dinner, the long line of candidates was limited to five minutes each. Some, like California Senator Kamala Harris, came with a broad campaign message.

SEN. KAMALA HARRIS (D-CA), Presidential Candidate: I am here to ask for your support, because I am prepared to make the case for America and to prosecute⁸ the case against Donald Trump.

LISA DESJARDINS: Others focused on a single signature issue, like Washington State Governor Jay Inslee.

GOV. JAY INSLEE (D-WA), Presidential Candidate: We need to stand up to defeat climate change. We need to save our kids from the threat of asthma⁹. We got to save our farmers from the floods. Iowa is on the front line of disaster. And it is on the cutting edge of technology.

LISA DESJARDINS: For Montana Governor Steve Bullock, it was campaign finance.

GOV. STEVE BULLOCK (D-MT), Presidential Candidate: In this post-Citizens United world, where money equals speech, corporations have the same right as people. Until we address the fact that the rules are now written for those who have the biggest checkbooks, we're not going to solve any of the problems you have heard about.

LISA DESJARDINS: This week, the whole field is steaming toward another landmark¹⁰, when Democrats¹¹ determine out which of the 23 candidates have met the criteria¹² for the party's first presidential debates. Three candidates, Bullock, plus Miramar, Florida, Mayor Wayne Messam and Massachusetts Congressman¹³ Seth Moulton, are still in doubt. They have not polled highly enough or raised enough money, this as Iowa Democrats seem to see the field in two groups. A new Iowa poll from CNN, The Des Moines Register and Mediacom found five candidates soaking up the most support, former Vice¹⁴ President Joe Biden, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, plus Buttigieg and Harris. Everyone else is at 2 percent or below. Two other notable findings from this poll of Iowa Democrats, a sizable chunk¹⁵, 25 percent, say a candidate being white would be more of an advantage against President Trump in a general election matchup. And 19 percent say a candidate being a woman would be more of a disadvantage. One of the few candidates missing from last weekend's Iowa action? Biden. He was attending his granddaughter's high school graduation, but he and President Trump will be back in the Hawkeye State tomorrow. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Lisa Desjardins.

约翰·杨：现在距离爱荷华州票选还有8个月时间，史上人数最多的民主党总统候选人们本周末来到了这里。根据我台记者丽萨·德雅尔丹的报道，本周对于2020年的总统竞选至关重要。

丽萨·德雅尔丹：本周末，爱荷华州气氛开始高涨，到处都是竞选的标识，五颜六色。人们高声呼喊着口号，锡达拉皮兹市已经达到了一种巅峰的竞选状态。

集结者：我要选JDK！

丽萨·德雅尔丹：19位总统候选人已经抵达爱荷华州，参加民主党的荣誉殿堂晚宴。不过，在此之前，他们要先安然度过外面集结的人群。

新泽西州参议员柯瑞·布克：参议员柯瑞·布克，总统候选人：我们已经决定了。我们希望我们的候选人能够获得提名并战胜特朗普！

丽萨·德雅尔丹：这场战斗是一场视觉的盛宴。印第安纳州南本德，市长皮特·布蒂格是通过键盘参战的。很多竞选活动都在社交媒体上打响了。他借此竭力证明他们的活动是有组织性的，而且能激起选民的兴趣。

集结者：爱-荷-华-州，伊丽莎白·沃伦所向披靡！

丽萨·德雅尔丹：晚宴期间，候选人们每人只有5分钟的时间。有些候选人，比如加州参议员卡玛拉·哈里斯，传达了较为广泛的竞选讯息。

参议员卡玛拉·哈里斯，总统候选人：我来这里是想寻求大家的支持，因为我准备为我们的国家打抱不平，我准备好对抗特朗普了。

丽萨·德雅尔丹：还有一些候选人则专注于署名问题，比如华盛顿州州长杰伊·英斯利。

州长杰伊·英斯利，总统候选人：我们要挺身而出，应对气候变化问题。我们要保全孩子们的健康，让他们不受哮喘病的威胁。我们要保护农民们不受洪灾之苦。在灾害面前，爱荷华州首当其冲。而且爱荷华也走在技术的前端。

丽萨·德雅尔丹：对于蒙大纳州州长史蒂夫·布拉克，这场战役的关键是财力。

州长史蒂夫·布拉克，总统候选人：当今世界是后联合公民的时代，在这个时代里，财力与言论同等重要，公司与人民有同样的权利。只有等我们解决了有钱人制定规则的问题之后，我们才能解决你们听到的那些问题。

丽萨·德雅尔丹：本周，民主党都为一个里程碑式的节点而躁动，这个节点就是：民主党要通过党内第一次总统辩论来从23个候选人中选出符合标准的那位候选人。有3名候选人，即布洛克、米拉玛、佛罗里达州的一位市长韦恩·梅萨姆、马萨诸塞州国会议员莫尔顿都有很大的不确定性。他们要么是选票不够，要么是筹资不够，所以这些爱荷华州民主党议员似乎分成了两类。根据美国有线电视新闻网络（CNN）、《得梅因纪事报》、竞立媒体报道的爱荷华州最新票选情况，有5位候选人票选最高：前副总统乔·拜登、佛蒙特州参议员伯尼·桑德斯、马萨诸塞州参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦、布蒂格、哈里斯。其他候选人的票比都在2%以下。爱荷华州民主党人通过此次民意调查还发现两件事：1. 有相当大的一部分人——25%的选民认为，白人候选人在与特朗普角逐时具有更大的优势；2. 有19%的人认为，女性候选人会更有优势。有哪位为数不多的候选人没有参加上周末爱荷华州的行动呢？拜登。他当时正在参加孙女的高中毕业典礼，不过他和特朗普明天都将回到爱荷华州。感谢收听丽萨·德雅尔丹发回的《新闻一小时》报道。

1 caucuses   

n.（政党决定政策或推举竞选人的）核心成员( caucus的名词复数 )；决策干部；决策委员会；秘密会议

参考例句：

• Republican caucuses will happen in about 410 towns across Maine. 共和党团会议选举将在缅因州的约410个城镇进行。 来自互联网

2 descended   

a.为...后裔的，出身于...的

参考例句：

• A mood of melancholy descended on us. 一种悲伤的情绪袭上我们的心头。
• The path descended the hill in a series of zigzags. 小路呈连续的之字形顺着山坡蜿蜒而下。

3 cresting   

n.顶饰v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的现在分词 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点

参考例句：

• The old man stood with his back to the fire, cresting up erect. 老人背火昂然而立。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Various shapes of returns like triangular, semi-circular are available for cresting your own office. 极富创意的办公桌，有着不同形装如三角形、半圆形、曲尺形及四边形，以创造您个人品位的办公室。 来自互联网

4 cedar   

n.雪松，香柏(木)

参考例句：

• The cedar was about five feet high and very shapely.那棵雪松约有五尺高,风姿优美。
• She struck the snow from the branches of an old cedar with gray lichen.她把长有灰色地衣的老雪松树枝上的雪打了下来。

5 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

6 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

7 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

8 prosecute   

vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官

参考例句：

• I am trying my best to prosecute my duties.我正在尽力履行我的职责。
• Is there enough evidence to prosecute?有没有起诉的足够证据？

9 asthma   

n.气喘病，哮喘病

参考例句：

• I think he's having an asthma attack.我想他现在是哮喘病发作了。
• Its presence in allergic asthma is well known.它在过敏性气喘中的存在是大家很熟悉的。

10 landmark   

n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标

参考例句：

• The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
• The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。

11 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

13 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

14 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

15 chunk   

n.厚片，大块，相当大的部分（数量）

参考例句：

• They had to be careful of floating chunks of ice.他们必须当心大块浮冰。
• The company owns a chunk of farmland near Gatwick Airport.该公司拥有盖特威克机场周边的大片农田。