PBS高端访谈:特朗普在最后时刻取消军事行动

JUDY WOODRUFF: And now for the view from Tehran, special correspondent Reza Sayah is there. And he joins me via Skype. Hello, Reza. So, first of all, what was the reaction there to President Trump¹ tweeting that he had indeed called for a strike on Iran before he decided² to call it off?

REZA SAYAH: Judy, like much of the world, Iranians and the Iranian government were engrossed³ by these tweets that confirmed Mr. Trump had OKed a military strike against Iran last night, and abruptly⁴ called it off in the last minute, even after this mission was under way. If indeed this is true, that means, for Iranians, this is the closest that they have come to seeing the U.S. attack Iran, to seeing Iran and the U.S. go to war since 1988. That's when the U.S. attacked and downed a small Iranian warship⁵ in the Persian Gulf⁶. So the reaction here by the Iranian government is one that acknowledges the gravity the situation, one that acknowledges that the situation is getting closer to a possible open conflict. The reaction has been firm, in that they have said, look, we downed the U.S. drone, we claim it, and we had the right to down the U.S. drone because, Iran says, it crossed into territory. But they have also been measured. Even though the head of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard said Iran is prepared for war, he also came out and said they do not want war.

JUDY WOODRUFF: When it comes to the drone, the shooting down of the American drone, certainly, it was seen as an act of aggression⁷. Some see it as an act, maybe even inviting⁸ an attack by the U.S. What was the thinking behind that?

REZA SAYAH: I think that seems to suggest at this point that perhaps the Iranian government is changing its strategy. It's taking a step towards becoming more aggressive against this maximum pressure campaign by U.S. President Donald Trump. Remember, ever since Mr. Trump last year pulled out of the Iran nuclear deal, reimposed those economic sanctions, added new ones, Iran hadn't done much. It had not reacted in an aggressive way. It had stayed in the nuclear agreement. But, over the past month, you see indications that they're taking a more aggressive step, threatening to ramp⁹ up their, what they call is a peaceful nuclear program. And now they have attacked a U.S. drone. Remember, even if this drone would have encroached Iranian airspace, Iran could have chosen not to attack it, considering the climate, considering rising tensions. It did not choose to do that.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And, Reza, what about the people of Iran? What are...what are ordinary Iranian saying about all this?

REZA SAYAH: As you know, Judy, Iranians have been through a lot ever since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, 40 years of political and economic isolation¹⁰ and pressure and threats and sanctions. They have been through a lot. They know how to roll with the punches. They're resilient. But this time, you sense that they're rattled¹¹. They are a little scared. Today, I was in a coffee shop this morning. You had everyone asking this question: Is there going to be an attack by the U.S.? Is there going to be war again? This is the closest we have seen the U.S. and the Iran and Iran go to war, so it's causing a lot of anxiety.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Reza Sayah, reporting for us from Tehran, thank you. Reza.

REZA SAYAH: You're welcome.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：今晚，我们将了解伊朗政府方面的情况，下面连线我台驻伊朗记者雷扎·萨耶。他将通过Skype加入我们的节目。雷扎，你好。那么，首先，德国方面对于特朗普总统发推文称要打击伊朗随后又取消一事的反应是怎样的呢？

雷扎·萨耶：朱迪，你好。跟世界很多国家的反应相同，伊朗和伊朗政府都关注特朗普的推文。特朗普在推文中证实了自己曾于昨晚批准对伊朗实施军事打击。而后，特朗普又在推文中写道自己在最后关头取消了军事打击，虽然军事打击已经在准备过程中了。如果特朗普的推文为真，那么也就是说，对伊朗人民而言，这是美国对伊发动战争最近的时刻。而上一次美伊打仗还是在1988年。那时候，美国袭击并击落了伊朗在波斯湾上的一只小型战舰。所以，伊朗政府对此的反应是：承认局势的剑拔弩张，也承认当前的局势时刻会爆发公开冲突。伊朗的反应十分坚定——看，我们击落了美国的无人机。我们对此并不否认，我们也有权利这样做，因为伊朗认为这架无人机飞入了伊朗的领空。不过，伊朗的举动也是经过考量的。虽然伊朗革命卫队的领袖称伊朗已经做好战争准备，但他也表示过伊朗并不想打仗。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：至于击落这架美国无人机的举动，当然是挑衅行为。一些人认为该行为可能是在激怒美国，让美国袭击自己。这背后的思维是怎样的呢？

雷扎·萨耶：我认为，这似乎表明，在当下的关口，似乎伊朗政府正在转变策略。伊朗采取的这个举动是在扩大挑衅行为，抵制特朗普总统的的最大施压政策。别忘了，自从特朗普去年退出伊朗核协议之后，就又重新施加了经济制裁，同时又施加了其他制裁。所以伊朗无法有什么动作。伊朗并没有做出什么出格的事情，而且也继续留在核协议中。不过，过去一个月以来，有迹象表明伊朗在采取更为激进的做法——威胁说要加大力度进行和平核项目的开发。而且现在伊朗又袭击了美国的无人机。不要忘了，即便这架无人机进犯了伊朗的领空，伊朗也可以选择不攻击这架无人机，毕竟有气候因素要考虑，也有局势升温的问题要考虑。但伊朗还是选择了攻击。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：雷扎，请问伊朗人民的反应如何呢？普通老板姓对此事如何看待呢？

雷扎·萨耶：朱迪，你可能也知道，伊朗人民自1979年伊斯兰革命以来就经历了很多，他们经历了40年的政治隔绝和经济隔绝，还经历了压力、威胁和制裁。他们经历了太多。他们深知如何度过当下的巨大压力，他们抗性很强。但这一次，能感觉到伊朗人民有些慌乱，有些害怕。我今天早上去了一家伊朗的咖啡厅。那里的每个人都在问这样一个问题：美国会打伊朗吗？美伊战争会再次爆发吗？这是我们看到美伊濒临战争最近的时刻，所以大家都很焦虑。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：雷扎·萨耶，感谢你从伊朗发回的报道。谢谢你，雷扎。

雷扎·萨耶：不用谢。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 engrossed   

adj.全神贯注的

参考例句：

• The student is engrossed in his book.这名学生正在专心致志地看书。
• No one had ever been quite so engrossed in an evening paper.没人会对一份晚报如此全神贯注。

4 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

5 warship   

n.军舰，战舰

参考例句：

• He is serving on a warship in the Pacific.他在太平洋海域的一艘军舰上服役。
• The warship was making towards the pier.军舰正驶向码头。

6 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

7 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

8 inviting   

adj.诱人的，引人注目的

参考例句：

• An inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room.一股诱人的咖啡香味飘进了房间。
• The kitchen smelled warm and inviting and blessedly familiar.这间厨房的味道温暖诱人，使人感到亲切温馨。

9 ramp   

n.暴怒，斜坡，坡道；vi.作恐吓姿势，暴怒，加速；vt.加速

参考例句：

• That driver drove the car up the ramp.那司机将车开上了斜坡。
• The factory don't have that capacity to ramp up.这家工厂没有能力加速生产。

10 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

11 rattled   

慌乱的，恼火的

参考例句：

• The truck jolted and rattled over the rough ground. 卡车嘎吱嘎吱地在凹凸不平的地面上颠簸而行。
• Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里，窗户都格格作响。