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Basic Necessities of Life-Tokyo Tops the Most Expensive City

东京获封全球最昂贵城市

Tokyo has replaced Moscow as the world’s most expensive city for expatriates, and Beijing has moved into the top 10，according to a global survey released Tuesday by consultants¹ Mercer.

据美世咨询公司周二发布的一项全球调查结果，东京已经取代莫斯科成为全世界外籍人士生活消费水平最高的城市,北京也进入了前10名。

Asian and European cities again dominated the top ranks of the world’s costliest² cities for foreigners, but currency swings including a stronger dollar have reshuffled the global rankings,the firms said.

美世咨询公司称,亚洲和欧洲城市再次成为世界上外国人生活花费最高的地方。但是由于货币汇率波动美元趋于强势，这一排名已被重新洗牌了。

The survey uses New York as the base city with an index of 100 points when comparing the cost of 200 items, including housing, transport, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment.

该调査将纽约作为基点城市，以100点作为指数,一共比较了200个项目，包括住房、交通、食物、服装、家居用品和娱乐活动。

Tokyo scores 143.7 points and is nearly three times as costly³ as the cheapest city，Johannesburg, which has an index score of 49.6.

在这一调查结果中,东京得分高达143.7点，相当于花费最低的城市约翰内斯堡的近3倍，约翰内斯堡仅为46.9点。

Tokyo is a major intenatioiial finance center, houses the headquarters of several of the world’s largest investment banks and insurance companies, and serves as a hub for Japan’s transportation, publishing, and broadcasting industries. During the centralized growth of Japan’s economy following World War II，many large firms moved their headquarters from cities such as Osaka (the historical commercial capital) to Tokyo, in an attempt to take advantage of better access to the government. This trend has begun to slow due to ongoing⁴ population growth in Tokyo and the high cost of living there.

东京是主要的国际金融中心之一,是世界上几个最大的投资银行和保险公司的总部所在地，也是日本交通、出版和广播业的中枢。二战后,在日本经济的集中发展期里，许多大公司把他们的总部从大阪(历史上的商业中心)等城市搬到东京，以便能更好地利用政府优势。由于目前东京的人口增长和高生活费,这一趋势已开始。

Big Mac Index shows that workers in Tokyo are earning the highest salary in the world.

巨无霸指数显示,东京职员的薪水是世界上最高的。

Tokyo was rated by the Economist⁵ Intelligence Unit as the most expensive (highest cost-of-living) city in the world for 14 years in a row ending in 2006. This analysis is for living a Western corporate⁶ executive lifestyle, with items like a detached house and several automobiles⁷.

东京连续14年被经济学家情报组织评为世界上最昂贵的城市(生活费最高），这一纪录终止在 2006年。分析表明这是由于他们过的是西方公司管理式的生活,包括住独立洋房和拥有几部汽车。

Osaka was in second placemaking Japan the only country with two cities in the top 10~fol-,lowed by Moscow in third, Geneva at four and Hong Kong fifth.

大阪排名第二,这使日本成了唯一一个在前10名拥有两席的国家。紧随其后排在第三的是莫斯科，日内瓦和香港分列第四和第五位。

Cities in the United States, China and the Middle East surged from last year. New York juiB|)ed from 22nd to eight place, Beijing is now ninth, up from 20th, while Dubai has climbed 32 places to number 20.

美国、中国和中东城市的消费自去年起就开始攀升。纽约从第22名升到第8名,北京从第20名上升至第9名，迪拜排名上升了32位，现居第20名。

London dropped 13 places from last year to be the 16th most expensive city in the world, while Paris slipped one spot to 13th, according to Mercer's annual Cost of Living survey of 143 cities.

在美世咨询公司对143个城市的年度生活花费调査中显示,伦敦在最昂贵的城市里排名第16, 比去年下降了13个名次,而巴黎则下滑了一个名次,排在第13位。

“As a direct impact of the economic downturn over the last year we have observed significant fluctuations⁸ in most of the world’s currencies，which have had a profound impact on this year's ranking,said Nathalie Constantin-Metral, senior researcher at the consulting and investment services company.

咨询和投资服务公司的资深研究员纳萨莉.康斯坦丁-梅特拉尔说广由于受去年经济衰退的直接影响,我们可以觉察到世界上大多数货币都经历了大幅度的波动,这极大地影响了今年的排名。

“Many currencies, including the Euro and British pound, have weakened considerably⁹ against a strong US dollar, causing a number of European cities to plummet¹⁰ in the rankings."she said in a statement.

她在一份声明中说许多货币,包括欧元和英镑,相对强势的美元都呈明显疲势,这使得不少 欧洲城市的排名骤降。”

Due to the strengthening dollar, all US cities became more expensive. Los Angeles gained 32 places to 23rd and Washington is up 41 places to 66th.

由于美元的强劲势头,美国所有城市的消费都变得昂贵起来。洛杉矶上升了32个名次，居第23位，而华盛顿则上升了41个名次，排在第66位。

Most European cities became cheaper for expats, with Warsaw experiencing the most dramatic change, plummeting¹¹ from 35th to 113th place.

欧洲大多数城市的消费对于外籍人士来说变得便宜了，其中以华沙的变动最为剧烈,从第35位直跌至第113位。

Chinese cities gained as the yuan strengthened somewhat against most other currencies, said Mercer. Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou moved up to 12th, 22nd and 23rd respectively.

美世咨询公司称，因为人民币相对大多其他货币处于强势，中国城市的名次也有所上升。上海、深圳和广州分别升至第12、22和23位。

1 consultants   

顾问( consultant的名词复数 )； 高级顾问医生，会诊医生

参考例句：

• a firm of management consultants 管理咨询公司
• There're many consultants in hospital. 医院里有很多会诊医生。

2 costliest   

adj.昂贵的( costly的最高级 )；代价高的；引起困难的；造成损失的

参考例句：

• At 81 billion dollars, Katrina is the costliest natural disaster in American history. “卡特里娜”飓风造成了近810亿美圆的损失，是美国历史上最严重的自然灾难之一。 来自互联网
• Senator John Kerry has proposed a tax on the costliest health plans sold by insurance companies. 参议员约翰？克里(JohnKerry)已经提议对保险公司销售的高价值的保险计划征税。 来自互联网

3 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

4 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

5 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

6 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

7 automobiles   

n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽车普及后，就不再使用马和马车了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 宽阔的林荫道上，汽车川流不息。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 fluctuations   

波动，涨落，起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table. 他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• There were so many unpredictable fluctuations on the Stock Exchange. 股票市场瞬息万变。

9 considerably   

adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上

参考例句：

• The economic situation has changed considerably.经济形势已发生了相当大的变化。
• The gap has narrowed considerably.分歧大大缩小了。

10 plummet   

vi.(价格、水平等)骤然下跌；n.铅坠；重压物

参考例句：

• Mengniu and Yili have seen their shares plummet since the incident broke.自事件发生以来，蒙牛和伊利的股票大幅下跌。
• Even if rice prices were to plummet,other brakes on poverty alleviation remain.就算大米价格下跌，其它阻止导致贫困的因素仍然存在。

11 plummeting   

v.垂直落下，骤然跌落( plummet的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Prices are rising, falling, going up, going down, shooting up, plummeting, etc. 物价在上涨、下跌、上升、下落、猛然上涨、骤然下跌等。 来自辞典例句
• The enemy plane went plummeting into the sea. 敌机直直掉进海里。 来自辞典例句