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南苏丹难民营直击：战乱不休 返乡无日

A month after a political power struggle erupted into ethnic¹ violence, South Sudanese continue to flee the fighting that has divided the country.

上个月,南苏丹的权力斗争演变为部族暴力，目前，南苏丹人仍在逃离战乱和仇杀。美国之音记者乔斯洛走访了一处庞大的难民营，有几万名流离失所的人在这座营地栖身。

As dawn breaks, hundreds of new arrivals land in the tiny village of Mingkamen on the banks of the White Nile River.

拂晓时分，几百名新来的人在白尼罗河畔的小村明卡门上岸。

They are among more than 400,000 South Sudanese who have been displaced by fighting in the country.

他们属于40多万因战乱而逃离家园的南苏丹人。这批人从反政府武装控制的博尔镇逃出来。

In this case, they are running from the rebel-held town of Bor, the scene of fierce battles between the divided military and allied² militias³.

军队仍然效忠政府的部队以及支持他们的民兵和反政府武装在当地爆发激战。

These boats have just arrived from Jonglei state around the area of Bor. People spent eight hours traveling in the dead of night just to escape the fighting in the area.

为了逃离战火，他们在漆黑的夜色中，乘小船飘泊八个小时，从博尔周边的琼莱州抵达明卡门。

Now they’re coming here with almost everything they own, including cattle in some cases.

他们几乎带来了全部的家当，甚至有人把牛也牵来了。

If they have money, they might move on to transition to other places, or they’ll stay here until it’s safe enough to go home.”

如果他们有钱，有可能转往其它地方，或者他们就停留在这里，等局势安全了再返回家园。

Among the new arrivals is the Reverend Daniel Garang - a priest with an assault rifle.

新赶到的人群中包括牧师丹尼尔?加朗。这是一位挎着攻击步枪的神职人员。

He has just helped guide about 100 people to safety after spending three weeks in hiding, narrowly escaping rebel attacks.

他刚刚引导大约100人从虎口脱险，他们之前躲藏了三个星期，以逃避反政府武装分子袭击。

He says he has never fired a shot, and his only prayer is for peace.

加朗牧师说，他一枪也没打过，只是向神祷告，祈求和平。

“Well for me as a priest, to be peaceful is better than to be more violent. So I wish if there is a cease-fire to stop killing⁴ the civilians⁵ and the innocent people as I came with them now. You can see me as military because I’m military minded, but I’m a civilian," said Garang.

他说：“对我这样的牧师来说，和平好过暴力。所以我希望能够停火，停止杀戮无辜的平民。跟我来的这些人都是无辜的。你可以把我看成军人，因为我有军事头脑，可是我是一位平民。”

More than 84,000 people have fled across the river from Bor. The cattle just started arriving this week.

已经有8万4千多人从河对岸的博尔逃过来。牛则是从这个星期开始抵达的。

A major indication of wealth in South Sudan, the cows could not be left behind.

牛是南苏丹的一个主要财富指标，绝不能丢下不管。

Those who can afford to have brought them over by the boatful, another sign that people are not expecting to go home any time soon.

那些能支付得起的人把牛装满了船。这是一个新的迹象，显示人们并不指望很快就能回家。

Elijah Macnom, a local official from Duk county near Bor, says the people who have been left behind are suffering.

来自博尔附近的杜克县的地方官员伊莱贾?马克诺姆说，那些没有逃走的人正在受难。

“People will be living in fear, like now, many people are hiding in the bushes, and when they went to the bushes, there’s no food there in the bush. These are the challenges that I have witnessed there," said Macnom.

他说：“人们生活在恐惧之中，很多人躲在灌木丛里，而灌木丛里没有吃的。这是我在当地目睹到的挑战。”

Almost all who have settled here in Mingkamen are Dinka, the tribe of President Salva Kiir.

几乎所有在明卡门落脚的人都是丁卡人，和总统基尔属于同一个部族。

They are victims of ethnic tensions that have been reignited by the president’s fallout with his top rival Riek Machar, a Nuer.

他们是部族暴力的受害者。总统基尔和首要政敌、属于努尔部族的马查尔失和，随后引发了部族冲突。

Elizabeth Yar Garang sleeps under this tree with her mother. In the recent violence, she sees echoes of the massacre⁶ of Dinka in 1991, that many blamed on Machar when he led another rebel group.

伊丽莎白?雅尔?加朗和母亲睡在树下。从最近的暴力中，她看出了1991年丁卡族遭屠杀事件的影子。当时，马查尔领导另一个反政府武装组织，很多人指责说，屠杀是他干的。

“Why does this man Machar kill people? Old, young, women and children, and now he wants to be a leader. He has done this twice and we cannot forget," she said.

她说：“马查尔这个人为什么要杀人呢？他杀了男女老少，现在又想当领导人。他这是第二次这么干了，我们不会忘记。”

While Dinka have been displaced here, Nuer have been targeted with violence and displaced in other parts of the country including tens of thousands in the capital.

丁卡人流落到此地，而遭到暴力袭击的努尔人则逃亡到南苏丹其它地方，其中有数万人在首都朱巴避难。

As cease-fire talks drag on, those uprooted⁷ by the conflict remain a long way from home.

停火谈判还在拖延，这些因为战乱而背井离乡的人也就迟迟看不到归期。