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美国继续推进亚太再平衡战略

One of the main features of the global defense¹ strategy laid out by President Barack Obama two years ago, shifting the U.S. military's focus from the Middle East to the Asia Pacific region, is meeting significant challenges from China and its rapidly developing military power.

奥巴马总统星期二晚上向国会发表国情咨文讲话的时候，对外关系，特别是与亚太地区的关系，将是一个主要议题。两年前，奥巴马总统提出新的全球防御战略，其中一个要点是美军把重点从中东转移到亚太。正是在亚太地区，美军受到了来自中国，特别是其迅速发展的军事力量的挑战。

But U.S. military officials say American dominance of the Asia Pacific is not diminishing.

美国军方官员说，美国在亚太地区的主导优势并没有减弱。

Recent actions by China, including its imposition of an aircraft identification zone over the East China Sea and a near collision between Chinese and U.S. warships², show that dominance is being challenged.

但最近中国的一系列行动，包括划定东海防空识别区以及中美军舰几乎碰撞的事件表明，美国在该地区的主导地位正在受到挑战。

The Obama administration, in its efforts to shift focus from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan to the Pacific, where China has been building up its forces, includes strategic placement of a new aircraft carrier and the development of hypersonic missile technology.

奥巴马政府正推行一套再平衡战略，将战略重心从伊拉克和阿富汗转移到太平洋。中国已经在这一地区增强了军事力量，包括这艘新航母，以及高超音速导弹技术的发展。

According to Admiral Samuel Locklear, commander of U.S. forces in the Pacific, interactions with Chinese forces in the region will only increase, and he is calling for a pragmatic approach that includes boosting military-to-military relations with China.

美军太平洋司令部司令、海军上将塞缪尔?洛克利尔指出，与中国军队在该地区的互动会越来越多，他呼吁以务实的方式处理问题，包括加强美中两军之间的联系。他说：

"We have to do better at being able to communicate with each other in a way that allows us to not lead to miscalculation that won't be productive in the security environment,” he said.

“我们需要改善与对方交流的方式，以防止由于误判而损害我们的安全环境。”

Defense analysts³ such Barry Pavel of the Washington-based Atlantic Council, a nonpartisan think tank that promotes constructive⁴ leadership and engagement in international affairs based on the central role of the Atlantic Community, question whether the shift in focus has actually meant a strengthening of forces in the Pacific.

国防分析专家质疑这一重心转移是否真的意味着加强美军在太平洋的力量。华盛顿大西洋理事会的巴里?帕维尔说：

“We have the deployment⁵ of 2,500 or so Marines to northern Australia that'll be there on a routine basis, not a very big nor significant deployment in my estimation," he said. "There's a couple of ships. I think they were littoral⁶ combat ships that were discussed as being home ported in Singapore, and then there really hasn't been anything else.”

“我们在澳大利亚北部有2500左右海军陆战队的常规部署，但在我看来，这并不算是很大的部署。另外我们在新加坡水域有几艘濒海战斗舰。除此之外，真没什么别的部署了。”

The placing of a combat ship in Singapore is one of the visible signs of that refocus. The United States has announced the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan is replacing the George Washington at Yokosuka in Japan - a one-for-one swap⁷, but one the Navy says is an element of the rebalance.

美国国防部长哈格尔去年在新加坡视察了一艘部署在那里的濒海战斗舰，这恐怕是美国重返亚洲的一个最明显的标志。美国已宣布用罗纳德?里根号航空母舰取代部署在日本横须贺的乔治?华盛顿号航空母舰，这充其量不过是一次换防，但海军说这是再平衡的一部分。

U.S. officials are reviewing their military commitments to allies in the region and say they could add more ships, equipment and troops in the future.

美国官员正在审查华盛顿对亚太地区盟友的军事承诺，并且说这些盟友可以在未来添加更多的军舰、装备和部队。

With the U.S. military facing its biggest downsizing since the end of World War II, analysts say it remains⁸ to be seen how large any future military investment in the Pacific will be.

美军正面临着自第二次世界大战结束以来最大规模的缩减，分析家说，美国今后在太平洋地区的军事投资会有多大，人们还得拭目以待。