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缅甸罗兴亚族人面临人口普查困境

Burma, also known as Myanmar, is conducting its first census¹ in more than three decades, at a time when ethnic² and religious tensions are high. Census workers are expected to record each person’s race and religion, which pose problems for ethnic Rohingya Muslims who are not recognized as Burmese citizens.

在种族和宗教气氛十分紧张的时候，缅甸正在进行三十多年来的第一次人口普查。人口普查工作人员要记录每个人的宗族和宗教，这给少数民族罗兴亚穆斯林带来了问题，因为他们的缅甸公民身份还未被承认。

Burma's government does not officially recognize some ethnic groups that have long lived within its borders. But the upcoming census requires they be counted under one of the country’s officially recognized ethnicities.

缅甸政府没有正式承认一些人长期生活在其境内的民族。但即将开展的人口普查要求他们只能作为某个被该国官方承认的民族登记。

Stateless ethnic Rohingya Muslims, most of whom are living in conflict-stricken Rakhine state, are among those who will have to identify as "other," and write in their ethnicity.

没有明确国籍的罗兴亚穆斯林民族大多生活在饱受冲突折磨的若开邦，他们就是那些在填写民族时只能填入“其他”的民族之一。

Population Minister Khin Yi suggests that those who write in “Rohingya” could face prosecution³ for providing misinformation. He refers to the Rohingya as Bengali, reflecting government policy that considers them foreigners from Bangladesh. He does not expect problems in Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine.

人口部长钦义说，那些在填写民族时填了“罗兴亚”的人有可能会因为提供不实信息而面临指控。他把罗兴亚族当做孟加拉人，这反映了政府认为这些人是来自孟加拉国的外国人的政策。他不认为在若开邦的首都实兑会出现什么问题。

"We did not do a test census in Sittwe, in Rakhine state because at the time there was a conflict between the two communities," he said. "We have since discussed with the two communities, Rakhine and Bengali, and they accept the census process, because the census process is all inclusive. Those who don't participate will lose their chance."

钦义说：“由于两个群体间的冲突，我们没有在若开邦的实兑进行实验性的人口普查。我们之后和两个罗兴亚和孟加拉人两个群体进行了讨论，他们接受了人口普查的过程，因为人口普查的过程是包括所有人的。那些不参加的人就没有机会了。”

Observers worry that the ethnic and religious identification questions could worsen ostracism⁴ of some communities.  But U.N. technical advisors⁵ say it is too late and too expensive to change the questionnaire.

观察人士担心民族和宗教识别问题可能会加剧对一些群体的排斥。但是联合国技术顾问说现在修改问卷为时已晚，而且太贵了。

In the lead up to the census, the extremist anti-Muslim monk⁶ Wirathu has delivered well-attended speeches in Rakhine state about protecting race and religion, and has led protests advocating a census boycott⁷.

在人口普查之前，极端反穆斯林和尚维拉什在罗兴亚发表了有许多人参加的保护宗族和宗教的演讲。那次演讲的抗议者呼吁要进行人口普查的抗议。

Here, Wirathu is accusing Muslims of targeting monks⁸, and terrorizing good people. He says authorities should kick out international aid groups that help Muslims. He also says Muslims should be denied citizenship⁹ and marriage rights.

在这里，维拉什正在指责穆斯林将和尚作为攻击目标，威吓无辜人民。他说，政府应该赶走那些帮助穆斯林的国际援助团体。他还说应该剥夺穆斯林入籍和结婚的权利。

Many fear identifying as Rohingya will threaten their potential citizenship eligibility¹⁰, but not identifying as Rohingya will leave their community underrepresented.

许多人担心如果说自己是罗兴亚族有可能威胁到他们将来入籍的合格性，但是不说自己是罗兴亚族就没有人代表他们的群体了。

Zaw Aye is a minister for Rakhine Nationalities affairs, who is concerned about ongoing¹¹ violence in his hometown. He says the situation will improve if people stop identifying themselves as Rohingya.

蚤埃是罗兴亚民族事务部长，他担心他的家乡会不断发生暴力活动。他说如果人们停止说他们自己是罗兴亚族，情况就会有好转。

"Putting the name of a people that don't exist will cause violence," he said. "But if they're counted as Bengalis, there won't be any problems."

蚤埃说：“填写一个不存在的民族可能导致暴力冲突。但是如果他们被登记为孟加拉人，就不会有任何问题了。”

Kyaw Min is a Rohingya politician who says many fear identifying as Rohingya will threaten their legal status, but not identifying as Rohingya will leave their community underrepresented.

俞觉敏是一民罗辛亚族政客，他说许多人担心如果说自己是罗兴亚族有可能威胁到他们的合法身份，但是不说自己是罗兴亚族就没有人代表他们的群体了。

" I am Rohingya, I will enlist¹² as Rohingya, I think the enumerators will also write me in as Rohingya, because they have the duty according to census law.," said Min. "Claiming an ethnicity is not the question of violence. Who will initiate¹³ the violence, it is the question."

俞觉敏说：“我是罗兴亚族，我将会以罗兴亚族的身份登记，我认为调查员也将登记我为罗兴亚人，因为根据人口普查的法，他们有这样的责任。公开一个民族身份不是暴力的问题。那些引发暴力的人，才是问题。”

Burma’s nationwide census begins at the end of this month.

缅甸的全国人口普查将在月底开始。