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严冬将至，专家呼吁欧洲为难民提供更多帮助

Europe’s largest humanitarian¹ crisis since World War II is far from over. Refugees in huge numbers are traveling through the Balkans to reach their destinations in the rich countries of the European Union. But as winter approaches, there is an urgent need for more funds to accommodate the migrants.Mild weather in Europe has so far contributed to the continuing high numbers of migrants arriving in Europe via the Mediterranean².

欧洲自二战以来最大的一次人道主义危机还远未结束。大批难民途径巴尔干半岛进入欧盟的富裕国家寻找落脚之地。但随着严冬将至，欧洲急需投入更多经费以妥善安置难民。欧洲最近一直天气温和，因此，大量的难民继续经过地中海涌入欧洲。

But with harsh winter conditions expected soon in the region, the suffering of the thousands of migrants travelling through the Balkans is likely to worsen, and may result in further loss of life if adequate measures are not taken.

但随着严冬即将到来，数千名正穿越巴尔干半岛进入欧洲的难民将面临更坏的遭遇。如果不采取足够措施的话，可能会有更多的人丧命。

The international community should react now, says Johns Hopkins University professor Charles Gati, a specialist in Europe and Eurasia.

美国约翰?霍普金斯大学教授、欧洲与欧亚地区问题专家查尔斯?加蒂认为，国际社会应该马上行动。

"The Balkan countries need and require extensive financial support to handle this. Most recently, Chancellor³ Merkel offered three billion euros to Turkey to cooperate and do what needs to be done. It’s not easy, and it may not be enough. But I hope their goodwill⁴ will help," said Gati.

他说：“巴尔干半岛国家需要也必须以大规模的经济支持来应对这个问题。最近，德国总理默克尔向土耳其提供30亿欧元以帮助其向难民提供必要援助。30亿欧元不是那么轻易就能拿出来的，而且或许还不够。但我希望他们对于难民的善意能够发挥作用。”

U.S. Coast Guard aviator⁵ Brian Lisko has spent much of his career working with search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean. He praises European efforts to deal with migrants coming by sea.

美国海岸警卫队飞行员布莱恩?里斯科上校职业生涯中的大部分时间都在地中海一带执行搜救任务。他对欧洲援助海上难民的努力表示赞赏。

“They’ve done an admirable job when they are confronted with thousands of people and unsafe boats. The human smugglers are making money at the expense of the safety and welfare of these migrants. They [the Europeans] are doing a very good job saving lives at sea," said Lisko.

他说：“面对成千上万乘着不安全的船只飘洋过海的难民，他们的行动令人钦佩。人贩子们正以难民们的生命安全和幸福为代价挣钱。欧洲人在海上做的非常好，救了很多人的命。”

Kathleen Newland co-founder of the Migration⁶ Policy Institute, says the 10,000 migrants the U.S. has agreed to accept is not really enough to help with the crisis.

移民政策研究所的共同创办人凯瑟琳?纽兰表示，美国同意接收一万名难民并不足以缓解危机。

“I think over time, the United States will begin to accept more Syrian refugees for resettlement here in the United States. But our procedures and our security screening for refugees is extremely bureaucratic⁷ and cumbersome⁸ and slow and expensive. So we are going to need to streamline⁹ our procedures a bit more – a lot more," said Newland.

她说：“我想随着时间推移，美国会接收更多的叙利亚难民并让他们在美国安家落户。但我们对难民的接收程序和安全审查极其官僚、繁琐、缓慢而昂贵。所以我们要大大地简化这些程序。”

The UNHCR last week appealed to donors¹⁰ for $96 million in additional support for the winter months for Greece and affected¹¹ countries in the Balkans. The so-called “Winterization Plan” focuses on putting measures in place to support countries such as Croatia, Greece, Serbia, Slovenia and Macedonia - to avert¹² the risk of humanitarian tragedy and loss of life during the winter months.

联合国难民署上周呼吁捐款9600万美元用以向希腊和其它接收难民的国家提供额外援助。这些资金将被用于帮助难民抵御严冬。“过冬准备计划”将在诸如克罗地亚、希腊、塞尔维亚、斯洛文尼亚、马其顿这样的国家落实援助措施，避免在冬季发生人道主义悲剧和难民死亡。