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研究：G-20补贴矿物燃料4520亿美元

As leaders of the Group of 20 major economies gather in Turkey for the 2015 summit, campaigners are calling on them to stick to their pledge to stop subsidizing fossil fuels. With the Paris climate summit set for the end of the month, they say it is vital that the world’s richest nations show leadership in combating carbon dioxide emissions¹.

在20个主要经济体的领导人聚集土耳其出席20国集团年度峰会之际，活动人士呼吁各国信守停止补贴矿物燃料的承诺。在本月底就要召开巴黎气候峰会之际，活动人士说，世界最富有的国家必须要展现出领导力，遏制二氧化碳的排放。

In 2009, G-20 members pledged to end subsidies² for fossil fuels in the form of direct grants or loans, tax breaks or price supports.

2009年，20国集团成员承诺停止补贴化石燃料。这些补贴形式包括直接拨款或贷款、税收优惠或价格支持。海外发展研究所（Overseas Development Institute）的研究似乎表明，20国集团政府违背了这项承诺。

Shelagh Whitley of the Overseas Development Institute said they were breaking that promise.

海外发展研究所的希拉·惠特利说：

“They have provided $452 billion a year in fossil fuel subsidies just to production,” she said.

“他们仅是为化石燃料的生产，一年就提供了4520亿美元的补贴。”

Researchers found the U.S. government hands out $20.5 billion worth of subsidies every year, mostly in tax breaks.

研究人员发现，美国政府每年拨发价值205亿美元的补贴，主要是以税收减免的形式。奥巴马总统已表示，结束这些补贴仍然是一项施政重点。

But, speaking this month after rejecting plans to build the Keystone oil pipeline³ from Canada through the United States, President Barack Obama said the United States was leading by example.

本月早些时候，他否决了修建从加拿大到美国的所谓“基石”(Keystone)石油管道项目。

“America is now a global leader when it comes to taking serious action to fight climate change, and frankly⁴, approving this project would've undercut that global leadership," he said.  "And that's the biggest risk we face — not acting⁵.”

他说：“在采取严肃的行动抗击气候变化方面，美国如今是一个全球领导者。坦率地说，批准这个项目将破坏我们的全球领导力。而那正是我们面对的最大风险---无所行动。”

Whitley said the ODI research showed Asia’s biggest economies were subsidizing fossil fuels in different ways.

世界各大经济体以不同的形式补贴化石燃料。

“Countries like China, Japan and Korea have the highest subsidies through public finance," she said. "And a lot of Japan's and Korea’s money is not going domestically; they may be moving away from fossil fuels at home, but they’re still funding fossil fuel production overseas.”

惠特利说：“中国、日本、韩国等国家通过公共融资，发放的补贴最多。而且，日本和韩国的很多资金不是流向国内。他们可能在国内不断减少化石燃料，但仍然为海外的化石燃料开采提供资金。”

Whitley said the G-20 should act on its pledge to end fossil fuel subsidies. She also said a shift toward subsidizing renewable energies would have a big impact.

惠特利说，巴黎气候峰会即将召开，20国集团成员应该兑现承诺，结束补贴化石燃料。

The U.S. and China have jointly⁶ prioritized establishing a concrete deadline for phasing out all fossil fuel subsidies as a key task during China’s G-20 presidency⁷ in 2016.

美国和中国已经共同宣布，要把为逐步废除化石燃料补贴制定最后期限做为中国2016年主持20国集团峰会时的一项工作重点。