新奇事件簿 吸烟有损视力

Scientists are warning that people who smoke are in danger of damaging their eyes. The scientists say smokers¹ are two times more likely to lose their vision than non-smokers. Everyone knows that smoking can damage the lungs and heart, but not many people know it could damage the eyesight. The scientists are from the Association of Optometrists² (AOP) in the United Kingdom. The AOP has started a campaign to raise awareness³ of the danger of smoking to the eyes. The campaign is called "Stub it out". The word "stub" means put out a cigarette by pushing the end against something hard; "stub it out" is saying, "stop smoking". The AOP said only one in five people thinks smoking can damage the eyes.

科学家警告称吸烟者的眼睛有被损伤的危险。科学家表示吸烟者失明的几率是不吸烟者的两倍。人人都知道吸烟有害肺部和心脏，但没有多少人知道它会损害视力。这些科学家来自英国验光师协会（AOP）。AOP已经开始了一项运动，以提高人们的对吸烟有损视力的危险的认识。这个运动被称为“Stub it out”。“stub”一词意为把烟头顶在坚硬的东西上熄灭香烟；“掐灭它”是指“戒烟”。AOP表示只有五分之一的人认为吸烟损害眼睛。

The AOP explained why smoking is so harmful to the eyes. Cigarette smoke gets in the eyes and causes or worsens a number of different eye problems. Cigarette smoke contains toxic⁴ chemicals that can irritate and damage the eyes. Smoke contains tiny pieces of metals like lead and copper⁵. These can get into the eyes and lead to cataracts⁶ - a condition that causes the eye lens to become cloudy. People with cataracts usually need an operation to restore their sight. Smoke can also increase the chance of worsening sight problems for people with diabetes⁷. The AOP said smokers are also three times more likely to damage the eyes' muscles. The AOP has encouraged smokers to quit.

AOP解释了为什么吸烟对眼睛危害大。香烟的烟雾进入眼睛并导致或恶化各种不同的眼部疾病。香烟的烟雾中含有有毒化学物质，会刺激和损害眼睛。烟雾中含有微量金属，如铅和铜。这些物质会进入眼睛并导致白内障—一种使眼晶状体混浊的疾病。白内障患者通常需要手术才能恢复视力。烟雾还会增加糖尿病患者视力问题恶化的可能性。AOP称吸烟者眼部肌肉受损的可能性也是正常人的三倍。AOP鼓励烟民戒烟。

1 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

2 optometrists   

n.验光师，视力测定者( optometrist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• It's been proven by the greatest optometrists. 这可是最伟大的配镜师验证肯定了的。 来自辞典例句
• Don't worry, Miss. We have qualified optometrists here an eye test now. 这个好些，我想把镜片也换上，可惜没有带视力记录来。 来自互联网

3 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

4 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

5 copper   

n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的

参考例句：

• The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
• Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。

6 cataracts   

n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障

参考例句：

• The rotor cataracts water over the top of the machines. 回转轮将水从机器顶上注入。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Cataracts of rain flooded the streets. 倾盆大雨弄得街道淹水。 来自辞典例句

7 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。