英国卫报:群众的力量(11)

Academic Hannah Awcock attended the 2010 protests as a student, and now lectures on the history of protest at the University of Edinburgh.

学者汉娜·阿考克以学生的身份参加了2010年的抗议活动，现在她在爱丁堡大学教授关于抗议的历史。

She explained that throughout history, from the 1866 Hyde Park suffrage¹ riots to the student demos,

她解释说，纵观历史，从1866年海德公园选举骚乱到学生示威，

protest crowds have often pushed to go further than their organisers, or the authorities, will allow for.

抗议人群往往会走得比组织者或当局允许的更远。

And yet, as febrile as the atmosphere around Brexit and austerity has been in the nine years since the student protests and London riots,

尽管，自学生抗议和伦敦骚乱以来的9年里，围绕英国脱欧和财政紧缩的气氛一直很狂热，

large protests have appeared calmer, on the face of it at least.

但是至少从表面上看，大规模的抗议活动较为平静。

In the UK, "that really aggressive and confrontational² policing that emerged post-9/11 seems to have diminished now," Awcock said.

阿考克表示，“现在在英国，911事件后出现的那种真正具有攻击性和对抗性的警务工作，似乎已经减少了。”

"Maybe it's because the protests themselves are less radical³,

“或许是抗议者本身没有那么激进了，

but it's also because there's also been a turn towards more subtle methods of policing crowds,

但也是因为转向了更机智的方式来管制人群，

techniques like increased surveillance and intelligence gathering⁴."

包括加强监视和情报收集等方式。”

The changes to crowd policing in the past decade owe a great deal to behind-the-scenes policy work by crowd psychologists.

过去十年间管制人群出现的变化很大程度上要归功于幕后的群众心理学家做的政策工作。

Clifford Stott has worked with police and football authorities for many years to discourage heavy-handed policing.

克利福德·斯托特多年来一直与警方和足球当局合作，阻止严厉的警察执法。

One turning point, he told me, was the 2011 Liberal Democrat⁵ conference in Sheffield, where South Yorkshire police trialled Stott's recommendations.

他告诉我，2011年在谢菲尔德举行的自由民主党会议是一个转折点，南约克郡警方在会上对斯托特的建议进行了测试。

Unlike Brighton, Liverpool, Birmingham or Manchester, the city was not used to hosting conferences for a party of government,

与布莱顿、利物浦、伯明翰或曼彻斯特不同，这座城市不习惯为政府举办会议，

and substantial student and anti-austerity protests were expected.

出现大量的学生和反紧缩抗议活动是意料之中的。

In preparation, police established a new "dialogue unit" of Police Liaison⁶ Teams (PLTs) in blue tabards,

在筹备工作中，警方成立了一个新的身着无袖制服的警察联络队“对话组”，

recruiting individuals to move among the crowd talking to them, rather than policing in numbers from the outside.

招募个人在人群中走动，与他们交谈，而不是大批地在外面管制。

"What we found was that these dialogue units were policing the police," said Stott. "

斯托特说，“我们发现这些对话组管制的是警察。”

They were stopping unnecessary interventions⁸. The PLTs were reassuring⁹ the commanders that an intervention⁷ wasn't needed."

他们停止了不必要的介入。警察联络队向指挥官保证没有必要进行干预。

Instead of riot cops wading¹⁰ in, de-escalation and crowd self-regulation took over.

防暴警察没有介入，取而代之的是冲突降级和人群自律。

Since then, Stott said, this approach has become more common.

斯托特说，自那以后，这种方法就更常见了。

"Where the police have these capacities for dialogue and communication, there's less disorder¹¹. It's that simple."

“警方有这些对话和沟通的能力，混乱就会减少。就这么简单。”

1 suffrage   

n.投票，选举权，参政权

参考例句：

• The question of woman suffrage sets them at variance.妇女参政的问题使他们发生争执。
• The voters gave their suffrage to him.投票人都投票选他。

2 confrontational   

adj.挑衅的；对抗的

参考例句：

• Fans love rappers partly because they strike such a confrontational pose. 乐迷热爱这些饶舌艺人一定程度上是因为他们所采取的那种战斗姿态。 来自互联网
• You prefer a non confrontational approach when it comes to resolving disputes. 面对争端，你不喜欢采用对抗性的手段来解决。 来自互联网

3 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

4 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

5 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

6 liaison   

n.联系，（未婚男女间的）暖昧关系，私通

参考例句：

• She acts as a liaison between patients and staff.她在病人与医护人员间充当沟通的桥梁。
• She is responsible for liaison with researchers at other universities.她负责与其他大学的研究人员联系。

7 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

8 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

9 reassuring   

a.使人消除恐惧和疑虑的，使人放心的

参考例句：

• He gave her a reassuring pat on the shoulder. 他轻拍了一下她的肩膀让她放心。
• With a reassuring pat on her arm, he left. 他鼓励地拍了拍她的手臂就离开了。

10 wading   

（从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The man tucked up his trousers for wading. 那人卷起裤子，准备涉水。
• The children were wading in the sea. 孩子们在海水中走着。

11 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。