英国卫报:一万亿美元能治愈所有疾病吗?(3)

So that's coronavirus and malaria¹ on our list. What else might we be able to eradicate² if we had $1tn to spend?

我们的名单上有冠状病毒和疟疾。如果我们有1万亿美元可以支出，那么我们还能根除什么呢？

Tuberculosis³ is a bacterial⁴ disease that kills almost 2 million people each year, overwhelmingly in poor and middle-income countries.

肺结核是一种细菌性疾病，每年导致近200万人死亡，绝大多数发生在贫穷和中等收入国家。

The factor holding back eradication⁵ has not been a lack of understanding the biology of the disease, but a chronic⁶ lack of resources, and the growth of resistance of the pathogen to our bacterial treatments.

阻碍根除的因素并不是缺乏对这种疾病在生物学上的了解，而是资源的长期缺乏，以及病原体对细菌治疗的耐药性的增长。

We can change this. We can tackle other tropical diseases, too, such as schistosomiasis, a debilitating⁷ parasitic⁸ disease that affects 200 million people a year.

我们可以改变这一点。我们还可以对付其他的热带病，例如血吸虫病，这是一种会使人身体衰弱的寄生虫病，每年会对2亿人产生影响。

But let's think bigger even than curing all infectious diseases. Picture a world free of all disease.

但是，让我们想想比治愈所有传染病更大的问题。想象一个没有任何疾病的世界。

Thousands of scientists and doctors are striving to treat and cure the world's biggest killers⁹: cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurological disease.

成千上万的科学家和医生正在努力治疗和治愈世界上最大的杀手：癌症、心血管疾病和神经系统疾病。

With an injection of cash, we could boost their chances, and see if we could transform the entire human experience by removing all illness.

只要注入现金，我们就能提高他们的机会，看看能否通过消除所有疾病来改变人类的整个经历。

But if you want to make immense gains in public health on a global scale, and make them sustainable, there is one serious, ambitious, difficult, complex and expensive thing that needs to be implemented¹⁰.

但是，如果你想在全球范围内取得巨大的公共卫生成就，并使其可持续发展，有一件严肃的、野心勃勃的、困难的、复杂和昂贵的事情需要落实。

This doesn't seem to be something that is talked about or invested in by billionaires: universal healthcare.

全民医保似乎不是亿万富翁们谈论或投资的对象。

The World Bank published its first analysis of global health, the World Development report, in 1993.

世界银行于1993年发布了其第一份全球卫生分析报告《世界发展报告》。

Targeted at government finance ministers, the report showed that health expenditure¹¹ could improve prosperity as well as individual wellbeing.

这份针对政府财政部长的报告显示，医疗支出可以改善富贵和个人福祉。

To mark the 20th anniversary of publication, an international Lancet commission put together an investment framework to achieve what they call a "grand convergence" in health by 2035.

为了纪念出版20周年，《柳叶刀》的一家国际委员会制定了一个投资框架，以在2035年前实现他们所谓的健康“大趋同”。

By this, they mean bringing deaths from infectious disease in low-and middle-income countries, as well as child and maternal¹² deaths,

这意味着使低收入和中等收入国家的传染病死亡人数，以及儿童和孕产妇死亡人数，

to the levels seen in the best-performing middle-income countries: China, Chile, Costa Rica and Cuba. A grand convergence, the paper predicts, could prevent some 10 million deaths in 2035.

达到表现最好的中等收入国家(中国、智利、哥斯达黎加和古巴)的水平。该论文预测，到2035年，一次大的趋同可以防止大约1000万人死亡。

1 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

2 eradicate   

v.根除，消灭，杜绝

参考例句：

• These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
• They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。

3 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

4 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。

5 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

6 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

7 debilitating   

a.使衰弱的

参考例句：

• The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病，使他弱到没有办法工作。
• You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。

8 parasitic   

adj.寄生的

参考例句：

• Will global warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?全球变暖是否意味着热带寄生虫病会蔓延呢？
• By definition,this way of life is parasitic.从其含义来说，这是种寄生虫的生活方式。

9 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

10 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

11 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

12 maternal   

adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的

参考例句：

• He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
• The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。