英国卫报:一万亿美元能治愈所有疾病吗?(7)

Vaccine¹ hesitancy produces a terrible toll². In Japan, a fall in the numbers of people taking the HPV vaccine in 2013 (owing to coverage³ of a cluster of adverse⁴ effects) is predicted to lead to 5,000 deaths from cervical cancer that could otherwise have been prevented.

“疫苗犹豫”会造成可怕的后果。在日本，2013年接种宫颈癌疫苗的人数下降(由于覆盖了一系列不良反应)，预计将导致5000人死于本可以避免的宫颈癌。

As well as exposing people to illness and death, vaccine reluctance⁵ and outright⁶ anti-vaccine propagandists prevent eradication⁷ of diseases.

不愿接种疫苗和公然反对接种疫苗的宣传者不仅使人们暴露在疾病和死亡面前，还阻碍了疾病的根除。

The WHO included on its 2019 list, with admirable foresight⁸, a threat labelled "disease X".

世界卫生组织以令人钦佩的远见，将一种名为“X疾病”的威胁列入了2019年的名单。

Effectively they left a blank space that "represents the need to prepare for an unknown pathogen that could cause a serious epidemic⁹" – a blank space duly filled the following year by Sars-CoV-2, which (almost certainly) crossed from bats and started spreading between humans.

实际上，他们留下了空白，“代表着需要为可能导致严重流行病的未知病原体做好准备”。第二年，Sars-CoV-2(非典)适时填补了这一空白，它(几乎可以肯定)从蝙蝠身上传播并开始在人类之间传播。

Actually, it was quite predictable that a serious disease would cross over from animals.

事实上，可以预见的是，一种严重的疾病会从动物身上传染过来。

Other examples include HIV, rabies, anthrax, Ebola, flu, Mers and Sars (both from the coronavirus family) and bubonic plague.

其他例子包括艾滋病毒、狂犬病、炭疽热、埃博拉病毒、流感、中东呼吸综合征和非典(均来自冠状病毒家族)以及黑死病。

All of these are zoonotic diseases that jumped from animals. A lesser-known zoonotic virus, Nipah, is of serious concern.

这些都是从动物身上传播的人畜共患疾病。一种鲜为人知的人畜共患病毒尼帕引起了严重关注。

It crossed from fruit bats to pigs to humans and was first picked up in the Malaysian village of Nipah in 1999.

它从果蝠身上传播到猪身上再传播到人身上，并于1999年在马来西亚的尼帕村首次被发现。

It has a shocking death rate of between 40% and 75% (compared with 3% for coronavirus).

它的死亡率令人震惊，在40%到75%之间(相比之下，冠状病毒的死亡率为3%)。

There is no treatment or vaccine, and if the virus mutated and became more easily transmitted between people – well, you can see the problem.

目前没有治疗方法或者疫苗，如果病毒发生变异，变得更容易在人与人之间传播——嗯，你就能看到问题的严重性了。

We need an international institute for pandemic protection and response, perhaps working under the umbrella of the WHO.

我们需要一个“国际大流行保护和应对机构”，或许可以在世卫组织的保护伞下开展工作。

In 2009, when the H1N1 swine flu pandemic threatened to take hold, the vaccines¹⁰ that were developed for it were snapped up by rich countries.

2009年，当H1N1猪流感大流行威胁要爆发时，针对它开发的疫苗被富裕国家抢购一空。

Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, is an international body that subsidises the cost of vaccines so poorer countries can afford them, and this is something we should do for any coronavirus vaccine, if it is not done by the goodwill¹¹ of world governments (and we can't rely on that).

疫苗联盟Gavi是一个国际机构，它为疫苗的成本提供补贴，让较贫穷的国家能够负担得起。如果说世界各国政府拿不出善意，那么对于任何冠状病毒疫苗我们都应该这样做(我们不能依赖这一点)。

We should also support the Coalition¹² for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (Cepi), an organisation¹³ working on vaccines for many emerging diseases, including Covid-19.

我们还应该支持流行病防范创新联盟(Cepi)，这是一个致力于为包括新冠在内的许多新发疾病研制疫苗的组织。

Cepi has an immediate¹⁴ need for $2bn to complete vaccine trials, but then more to ramp¹⁵ up manufacturing capacity to make sure there is enough vaccine for everyone who needs it.

Cepi迫切需要20亿美元来完成疫苗试验，但还需要更多资金来提高生产能力以确保有足够的疫苗满足所有需要之人。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

3 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

4 adverse   

adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的

参考例句：

• He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
• The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。

5 reluctance   

n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿

参考例句：

• The police released Andrew with reluctance.警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。
• He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.他表示很不愿意答复。

6 outright   

adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的

参考例句：

• If you have a complaint you should tell me outright.如果你有不满意的事，你应该直率地对我说。
• You should persuade her to marry you outright.你应该彻底劝服她嫁给你。

7 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

8 foresight   

n.先见之明，深谋远虑

参考例句：

• The failure is the result of our lack of foresight.这次失败是由于我们缺乏远虑而造成的。
• It required a statesman's foresight and sagacity to make the decision.作出这个决定需要政治家的远见卓识。

9 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

10 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

11 goodwill   

n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉

参考例句：

• His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。
• We paid ￡10,000 for the shop,and ￡2000 for its goodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店，两千英镑买下了它的信誉。

12 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

13 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

14 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

15 ramp   

n.暴怒，斜坡，坡道；vi.作恐吓姿势，暴怒，加速；vt.加速

参考例句：

• That driver drove the car up the ramp.那司机将车开上了斜坡。
• The factory don't have that capacity to ramp up.这家工厂没有能力加速生产。