VOA今日美国2023 地球现在病得很重?

Earth is now considered to be in a "danger zone," a new study says.

一项新的研究表明，如今地球被认为处于“危险区域”。

An international group of scientists called Earth Commission¹ did the study.

一个名为地球委员会的国际科学家组织进行了这项研究。

It appeared in the publication² Nature.

它发表在《自然》杂志上。

The researchers report that conditions on Earth have pushed past seven of eight safety limits established by science.

研究人员报告称，地球上的环境已经超过了八分之七的科学确定的安全极限。

The experts say the planet³ is very sick and all life, humans included, face extreme risks as a result.

专家表示，地球已经病重，因此，包括人类在内的所有生命都面临着极端的风险。

The study examines climate, air pollution, fertilizer⁴ pollution in water, groundwater supplies, fresh surface water, the unbuilt natural environment and the larger human-built environment.

这项研究着眼于气候、空气污染、水中的化肥污染、地下水供应、新鲜地表水、未建成的自然环境和更大范围的人类建造的环境。

The research shows each of those areas have passed into dangerous conditions worldwide.

研究表明，这些地区在全球范围内都已进入危险状态。

Only air pollution is within the identified safety zone, the scientists report.

科学家报告称，只有空气污染在确定的安全区内。

However, the report notes that air pollution is dangerous at local levels.

然而，该报告指出，空气污染在地方层面上是危险的。

The study found problem "hot spot" areas throughout the world, much of it from climate change.

这项研究发现了全球都存在问题“热点”地区，其中大部分是由气候变化造成的。

About two-thirds of Earth does not meet safe levels for freshwater supply, scientists said.

科学家表示，地球上约三分之二的地区没有达到淡水供应的安全标准。

Joyeeta Gupta is the Earth Commission co-chair and professor of environment at the University of Amsterdam.

乔耶塔·古普塔是地球委员会联合主席，也是阿姆斯特丹大学的环境学教授。

She told reporters that if planet Earth went to a medical exam, "our doctor would say that the Earth is really quite sick right now and it … is also affecting the people living on Earth."

她告诉记者，如果地球去做体检，“我们的医生会说，地球现在真的病得很重，而且它也在影响生活在地球上的人。”

But the planet can recover if people make changes, the researchers report.

但研究人员报告称，如果人们做出改变，地球可以恢复。

Such reforms would include reducing the use of coal, oil and natural gas and improving treatment of land and water, the scientists said.

科学家表示，这些改革将包括减少煤炭、石油和天然气的使用，以及改善土地和水的处理方式。

But "we are moving in the wrong direction on basically⁵ all of these," said study lead author Johan Rockstrom, from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact⁶ Research in Germany.

但该研究的主要作者、德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的约翰·罗克斯特罗姆说：“我们在所有这些问题上基本上都在朝着错误的方向前进。”

The team of about 40 scientists created measurable boundaries for each environmental category.

这个由大约40名科学家组成的团队为每一种环境类别都设定了可量化的界限。

They decided⁷ the level where it is safe for the planet.

他们决定了对地球来说安全的界限。

The point at which it becomes harmful for groups of people, the researchers called a justice issue.

即变得对人群有害的界限，研究人员称其为公正问题。

Rockstrom said he thinks of those points as setting⁸ up "a safety fence" outside of which the risks become higher, but not necessarily⁹ disastrous¹⁰.

罗克斯特罗姆说，他认为这些界限就像是建立了一道“安全围栏”，在围栏之外，风险会变得更高，但不一定是灾难性的。

Rockstrom and other scientists have attempted in the past this type of measuring of Earth's connected ecosystems¹¹.

罗克斯特罗姆和其他科学家过去曾试图对地球上相互关联的生态系统进行这种类型的测量。

The big difference in this attempt is that scientists also looked at local and area levels and added the idea of justice.

这一尝试的最大不同之处在于，科学家还研究了地方和地区层面，并加入了公正的概念。

The justice part includes fairness between young and old generations, different nations and even different species¹².

公正部分包括年轻人和老年人之间、不同国家之间甚至不同物种之间的公平。

Frequently, it applies to conditions that harm people more than the planet.

通常，它适用于对人类的伤害大于对地球的伤害的情况。

An example of that is climate change.

气候变化就是一个例子。

The report uses the same boundary of 1.5 degrees Celsius¹³ of warming that international leaders agreed upon in the 2015 Paris climate agreement.

该报告使用了国际领导人在2015年《巴黎气候协定》中商定的1.5摄氏度的升温界限。

The world has so far warmed about 1.1 degrees Celsius so it has not crossed that safety fence, Rockstrom and Gupta said.

罗克斯特罗姆和古普塔说，到目前为止，全球气温已经上升了大约1.1摄氏度，所以它还没有越过安全围栏。

But that does not mean people are not being hurt.

但这并不意味着人们没有受到伤害。

"What we are trying to show through our paper is that even at 1 degree Centigrade there is a huge amount of damage taking place," Gupta said.

古普塔说：“我们试图通过我们的论文表明，即使全球气温上升了1摄氏度，也会产生巨大的破坏。

The planetary safety boundary of 1.5 degrees has not been reached.

1.5度的行星安全界限没有被突破。

But the "just" boundary of 1 degree where people are hurt has been.

但令人们受伤的1度的“公正”界限已经被打破。

Stanford environmental studies head Chris Field was not part of the research.

斯坦福大学环境研究负责人克里斯·菲尔德没有参与这项研究。

He said he would want even more strict boundaries.

他说，他希望有更严格的界限。

"Sustainability and justice are inseparable," he said.

他说：“可持续性与公正密不可分”。

I'm Dan Novak.

丹·诺瓦克为您播报。

1 commission   

n.委托，授权，委员会，拥金，回扣，委任状

参考例句：

• The salesman can get commission on everything he sells.这个售货员能得到所售每件货物的佣金。
• The commission is made up of five people,including two women.委员会由五人组成，其中包括两名妇女。

2 publication   

n.出版，发行；出版；公布，发表

参考例句：

• They don't think this article is suitable for publication.他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
• The government has delayed publication of the trade figures.政府已将贸易统计数字延后公布。

3 planet   

n.行星

参考例句：

• Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun. 海王星是离太阳最远的行星。
• Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. 然而, 垃圾只是我们这个星球的污染问题的一个方面。

4 fertilizer   

n.肥料，化肥

参考例句：

• Fertilizer enriches the soil.肥料使土壤肥沃。
• Get some more fertilizer for the garden.给花园再多施些肥料。

5 basically   

adv.基本上，从根本上说

参考例句：

• His heart is basically sound.他的心脏基本上健康。
• Basically I agree with your plan.我基本上同意你的计划。

6 impact   

n.冲击，碰撞；影响；vt.装紧，压紧

参考例句：

• The computer had made a great impact on modern life.计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响.
• How will the war impact on such a poet?战争对这样一个诗人会产生什么影响？

7 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

8 setting   

n.背景

参考例句：

• The play has its setting in Vienna.该剧以维也纳为背景。
• Where and when a story takes place is called the setting.故事发生的地点和时间称为故事背景。

9 necessarily   

adv.必要地，必需地；必定地，必然地

参考例句：

• More work does not necessarily call for more men.增加工作量不一定就要增添人员。
• A voter must necessarily be no younger than eighteen.选民必须在18岁以上。

10 disastrous   

adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的

参考例句：

• The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
• Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨，血本无归。

11 ecosystems   

n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句

12 species   

n.物种，种群

参考例句：

• Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?我们是万物中惟一有思想的物种吗？
• This species of bird now exists only in Africa.这种鸟现在只存在于非洲。

13 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。