VOA新闻杂志2023 暴雨和洪灾侵袭多国

India, Japan, China, Turkey, and the United States have reported severe flooding in recent days.

据报道，最近几天，印度、日本、中国、土耳其和美国都发生了严重的洪灾。

Schools in New Delhi were closed Monday after heavy monsoon¹ rains hit the Indian capital.

印度首都新德里遭遇强季风性降雨袭击后，周一学校停课。

At least 15 people died in landslides² and flash floods over the last three days.

在过去的三天里，至少有15人死于山体滑坡和山洪暴发。

To the north, the Beas River overflowed⁴, carrying vehicles downstream as the river flooded neighborhoods.

在北部，贝阿斯河泛滥，河水淹没了居民区，车辆顺流而下。

In Japan, heavy rain fell on the southwestern island of Kyushu, causing floods and mudslides.

日本西南部的九州岛遭遇暴雨，引发洪水和泥石流。

Two people reportedly died and at least six others were missing.

据报道，有两人死亡，至少六人失踪。

Local TV showed damaged houses in the city of Fukuoka and muddy water in the Yamakuni River.

当地电视台播放了福冈市受损房屋和山国川泥水的画面。

On Turkey's mountainous Black Sea coast, heavy rains caused rivers to overflow³.

在土耳其多山的黑海海岸，暴雨导致河流泛滥。

Landslides and flooding damaged cities in the area.

山体滑坡和洪水破坏了该地区的城市。

In southwestern China, at least 15 people were killed by flooding in mountainous areas.

在中国西南部山区，至少15人死于洪水。

And in the United States, areas of New York state's Hudson Valley and Vermont also reported heavy flooding.

据报道，在美国，纽约州哈德逊谷和佛蒙特州的部分地区也发生了严重的洪灾。

The Associated Press (AP) reports that scientists are saying storms are forming in a warmer atmosphere.

据美联社报道，科学家称风暴是在更温暖的大气中形成的。

They say this is making extreme rainfall more common.

他们说，这使得极端降雨变得更加常见。

The scientists predict that additional warming will cause more bad weather.

科学家预测，进一步变暖将会导致更多的恶劣天气。

The scientists say warmer air holds more water, or moisture.

科学家表示，温暖的空气含有更多的水分。

More moisture might result in storms creating more precipitation depending on several other conditions.

更多的水分可能会导致产生更多降水的暴风雨，这取决于其他几个条件。

Scientists blame carbon dioxide and methane⁵, two forms of carbon gases, for trapping heat in the atmosphere.

科学家认为二氧化碳和甲烷这两种形式的碳气体将热量困在大气中是导致暴风雨的罪魁祸首。

What scientists call climate change is not the cause of the storms creating rain.

科学家所说的气候变化并不是风暴产生降雨的原因。

Instead, they say storms are forming in an atmosphere that is becoming warmer and wetter.

相反，他们说，风暴是在变得越来越温暖和潮湿的大气中形成的。

Rodney Wynn is a meteorologist at the National Weather Service in Tampa Bay, Florida.

罗德尼·韦恩是佛罗里达州坦帕湾国家气象局的气象学家。

He said, "68 degrees Fahrenheit⁶ can hold twice as much water as 50 degrees Fahrenheit."

他说：“在68华氏度下，空气可容纳的水量是50华氏度下可容纳水量的两倍。”

Wynn said warm air expands, making it able to hold more moisture.

韦恩说，暖空气会膨胀，使其能够容纳更多的水分。

U.S. space agency NASA says on the Global Climate Change part of its website that, for every one degree Celsius⁷ that the atmosphere warms, it can hold about seven percent more moisture.

美国航空航天局在其网站上的“全球气候变化”部分表示，大气温度每升高1摄氏度，就能多容纳约7%的水分。

NASA also says the average global temperature has increased by at least 1.1 degrees Celsius since 1880.

美国航空航天局还表示，自1880年以来，全球平均气温至少上升了1.1摄氏度。

Brian Soden is a professor of atmospheric⁸ sciences at the University of Miami.

布莱恩·索登是迈阿密大学大气科学教授。

He said, "…As these storms form in warmer environments that have more moisture in them, the rainfall increases."

他说，“……当这些风暴在更温暖的环境中形成，那里就会有更多的水分，降雨量就会增加。”

"As the climate gets warmer, we expect intense rain events to become more common," Soden said.

索登说：“随着气候变暖，我们预计强降雨事件将会变得更加常见”。

"It's not surprising to see these events happening, it's what models have been predicting ever since day one."

“看到这些事件发生并不令人惊讶，这是模型从第一天起就预测到的。”

Gavin Schmidt is a climate scientist and director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City.

加文·施密特是气候科学家，也是位于纽约市的美国航空航天局戈达德太空研究所的所长。

He said the areas that are facing the effects of climate change are different from the ones where warming gases are being released.

他说，面临气候变化影响的地区与排放温室气体的地区不同。

He said the places where flooding takes place are not prepared for bad weather.

他说，发生洪灾的地方没有做好应对恶劣天气的准备。

Most of the effects "are happening in places that don't have good infrastructure⁹, that are less prepared for weather extremes and have no real ways to manage this," Schmidt said.

施密特说，大多数影响“发生在那些基础设施不完善、没做好充分准备应对极端天气、也没有切实方法应对极端天气的地方。”

1 monsoon   

n.季雨，季风，大雨

参考例句：

• The monsoon rains started early this year.今年季雨降雨开始得早。
• The main climate type in that region is monsoon.那个地区主要以季风气候为主要气候类型。

2 landslides   

山崩( landslide的名词复数 )； （山坡、悬崖等的）崩塌； 滑坡； （竞选中）一方选票占压倒性多数

参考例句：

• Landslides have cut off many villages in remote areas. 滑坡使边远地区的许多村庄与外界隔绝。
• The storm caused landslides and flooding in Savona. 风暴致使萨沃纳发生塌方和洪灾。

3 overflow   

v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出；溢出，流出，漫出

参考例句：

• The overflow from the bath ran on to the floor.浴缸里的水溢到了地板上。
• After a long period of rain,the river may overflow its banks.长时间的下雨天后，河水可能溢出岸来。

4 overflowed   

溢出的

参考例句：

• Plates overflowed with party food. 聚会上的食物碟满盘盈。
• A great throng packed out the theater and overflowed into the corridors. 一大群人坐满剧院并且还有人涌到了走廊上。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 methane   

n.甲烷，沼气

参考例句：

• The blast was caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.爆炸是由数袋甲烷气体着火引起的。
• Methane may have extraterrestrial significance.甲烷具有星际意义。

6 Fahrenheit   

n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)

参考例句：

• He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
• The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

7 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

8 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。

9 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。