VOA常速英语2015--对世卫组织埃博拉应对的评估

对世卫组织埃博拉应对的评估

A panel of experts released its assessment¹ Tuesday on the World Health Organization’s response to the West Africa Ebola outbreak. It said the crisis not only exposed organizational failings in the WHO, but shortcomings in the 10 year old International Health Regulations. The panel’s chair called the outbreak a defining moment.

一组专家周二发布了对世卫组织在西非埃博拉疫情中应对情况的评估结果，称则常危机不仅暴露了世卫组织的组织失误，还暴露出有着10年历史的国际卫生条例的缺点。专家组主席称这场疫情为关键性时刻。

Former Oxfam Great Britain Executive Director – Dame² Barbara Stocking – unveiled the findings of the Ebola Interim³ Assessment Panel.

乐施会前驻英国执行董事芭芭拉·斯托金夫人公布了埃博拉临时评估小组的调查结果。

“I think you all know that a year back from now we were really looking into the abyss, wondering how we could make sure that Ebola did not spread to the whole world.”

“我想大家都知道，一年前我们濒临深渊，想办法努力不让埃博拉在全世界范围内传播。”

She explained why the scale of the disease was a defining moment for the WHO and member states.

她解释说为何这场疫情的规模对世卫组织和成员国来说是个决定性时刻。

“We think that there is a need for reform in the International Health Regulations. There is a need already for adherence⁴ to the regulations that are there, but we think they need strengthening. In part, because there are few incentives⁵ for countries to declare emergencies, but also a number of countries do in emergencies, including this one, put on trade and travel bans, which not only frighten people out of declaring, but they also make it very difficult to deliver a proper response,” she said.

“我想国际卫生条例需要进行改革，确实需要在各个方面遵守该条例，但我们认为这些条例需要得到加强。这部分是因为各国缺少宣布紧急状态的内在激励，而且那些宣布紧急状态的国家会实行贸易和旅行限制，这不仅让人们惊恐得不敢宣布疫情，而且还使得适当的应对很难进行。”

The panel examined the WHO as a health emergency agency.

该专家组将世卫组织作为卫生应急机构来进行检查。

“We know that for it to function properly for that it will need to be changed quite a lot to be truly fit for purpose. But we think that is perfectly⁶ possible and we are very pleased to know that the World Health Assembly agreed with us,” said Stocking.

“我们知道，世卫组织要想恰当运行，就需要在很多方面做出改变，从而真正发挥其作用。我们认为这是可行的，而且很高兴得知世界卫生大会赞同我们的看法。”

The panel also considered the WHO’s role and cooperation with other health and humanitarian⁷ systems.

该专家组还考虑了世卫组织的角色，以及其与其他卫生和人道主义体系的合作。

“WHO needs to make sure that it is properly interconnected with that wider humanitarian system. Because we believe that if that had happened back in May/June of last year, we wouldn’t have reached the position that we did,” she said.

“世卫组织需要确保它能与更广泛的人道主义体系相关联，因为我们认为如果去年5、6月份就是这样，我们今天就无需这么做了。”

The experts said WHO member states must also do their part, including “political and financial support to the organization.”

专家们说世卫组织成员国必须尽自己的一份力，包括“对世卫组织提供政治和财政支持”。

The Ebola Interim Assessment Panel said while “health is considered the sovereign responsibility of countries, the means to fulfill⁸ this responsibility are increasingly global.”

埃博拉临时评估小组称，尽管“卫生问题被视为各国的主权责任，这就意味着履行该责任也越发变得全球化”。

 

It recommended that countries should be given incentives to encourage them to notify public health risks to the WHO. It also said global health issues should be at the center of the global security agenda. The panel added that the World Health Organization should remain the lead agency in an emergency response. But it stressed that organizational and financial issues must be urgently addressed.

专家组建议应该给各国以激励，鼓励其将公共健康风险告知世卫组织，而且，全球卫生问题应该成为全球安全议程的中心问题。专家组还说，世卫组织应该在紧急应对上发挥带头作用，但同时强调必须立即解决其组织和财政问题。

1 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

2 dame   

n.女士

参考例句：

• The dame tell of her experience as a wife and mother.这位年长妇女讲了她作妻子和母亲的经验。
• If you stick around,you'll have to marry that dame.如果再逗留多一会，你就要跟那个夫人结婚。

3 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

4 adherence   

n.信奉，依附，坚持，固着

参考例句：

• He was well known for his adherence to the rules.他因遵循这些规定而出名。
• The teacher demanded adherence to the rules.老师要求学生们遵守纪律。

5 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

6 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

7 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

8 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。