VOA常速英语2015--报告显示克里米亚被吞并后人权恶化

Report: Human Rights Deteriorating¹ in Annexed² Crimea 报告显示克里米亚被吞并后人权恶化

Human rights conditions have deteriorated³ in Crimea since its annexation⁴ by Russia last year, with Crimean authorities accused of discriminating⁵ against minorities, suppressing freedom of expression, and forcing residents to assume Russian citizenship⁶ or leave, according to a new report.

When Russian President Vladimir Putin officially signed Crimea's annexation to the Russian Federation⁷ in March 2014, much of the world questioned what made such a brazen⁸ move possible, and in such a relatively⁹ short time.

当2014年3月俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京宣布吞并克里米亚使之成为俄罗斯联邦一部分时，全世界的很多人都在质疑这样厚颜无耻举动是如何实现的，还是在相对来说那么短的时间内完成的。

Peter Eltsov, professor at the National Defense¹⁰ University, told VOA what made the annexation easy was that a large segment of Crimean population favored it.

美国国防大学教授皮特·叶利佐夫告诉美国之音，吞并之所以轻而易举，是因为有很大一部分克里米亚人口对此表示支持。

"But that support one could argue was largely the result of the propaganda coming from the Russian media, portraying¹¹ the Ukrainian revolution as a threat, as a serious threat to the Russian speaking population in Crimea," Eltsov said.

“但这样的支持也可以说在很大程度上是因为俄罗斯媒体的宣传，它们将乌克兰革命描述为威胁，称其是对克里米亚地区讲俄语人口的严重威胁。”

Prior to invasion

The report by Freedom House and the Atlantic Council of the United States said that prior to the invasion, Russian state media launched a concerted anti-Ukrainian propaganda campaign in Crimea, inflaming¹² fear of the so-called "Ukrainian fascists¹³."

自由之家的报告称，在入侵克里米亚之前，俄罗斯国家媒体在克里米亚地区联合发起反乌克兰宣传，助长了对所谓“乌克兰法西斯”的恐惧。

Russia then launched a series of events in February of last year, including a covert¹⁴ deployment¹⁵ of its heavily armed troops, and Cossack fighters who made up the so-called local "self-defense" units.  

去年2月俄罗斯发动了一系列事件，包括秘密部署其重型武器部队，以及由所谓当地“自卫”小分队组成的哥萨克士兵。

After the invasion, the report said Russia replaced local leaders with others from the Russian Federation. And when the world's focus shifted to fighting in other parts of eastern Ukraine, the new authorities began a campaign of repression¹⁶ against the opposition¹⁷, notably¹⁸ Crimean Tatar minority.

报告称在入侵之后，俄罗斯将来自俄罗斯联盟的人取代了当地领袖。当全世界将关注力转向乌克兰东部其他地区的战斗时，新当局开始发起对反对派的镇压活动，主要是对克里米亚的鞑靼少数民族。

"Tatars overwhelmingly did not support the annexation because they have a very negative attitude against a very strong Russian imperial state and they constitute a very significant segment of the population. These are 300,000 people. It's a large amount of people for the overall population of Crimea," Eltsov said.

“绝对多数的鞑靼人并不支持吞并，因为他们对强大的俄罗斯帝国有着非常负面的态度，他们构成了人口相当大的一部分，有30万人，对于整个克里米亚人口来说这是很大的群体。

Freedom House said Tatars can no longer mark the anniversary of their 1944 expulsion from Crimea. Their leaders have been banned from public life and their media muzzled¹⁹.

自由之家称鞑靼人不能再纪念1944年被从克里米亚驱逐周年纪念了，他们的领导人已被禁止参与公众生活，他们的媒体也被钳制。

Harassment²⁰ campaign

The report said Russia organized a large-scale campaign of physical harassment and criminal prosecution²¹ against anyone who opposed the annexation.

这份报告称俄罗斯对任何反对吞并的人采取了大规模的身体骚扰和刑事指控。

Education in Ukrainian rapidly declined and not a single school out of 600 in Crimea is offering instruction fully²² in Ukrainian. And Crimean residents with Ukrainian passports are considered aliens as of January 1 of this year.

乌克兰的教育迅速衰落，克里米亚的600所学校中没有一所学校在全面授课，持乌克兰护照的克里米亚居民自今年1月1起就被视为异类。

International criticism and economic sanctions are likely to make President Putin even more radical²³, Eltsov said.

叶利佐夫说，国际上的批评的经济制裁可能让普京总统越发激进。

"He is pushed in a corner, he is pushed against a wall and he is not the type of person who is going to back off.  The question of the (Russian) population is of course much more complicated," he said.

“他被逼到角落里了，他在推着一面墙，他不是那种会放弃的人，俄罗斯人口的问题肯定会更加复杂。”

Eltsov said Russia as a nation has a history of living in deprivation²⁴. Therefore, sanctions may not have an effect on its people. He said while many oppose Putin's authoritarian²⁵ style, many also support his defiance²⁶ in the face of international criticism.

叶利佐夫说俄罗斯有着生活贫困的历史，因此，制裁可能对其人民不会有什么影响。他说尽管很多人反对普京专制风格，但很多人也会制裁他在国际批评面前的悍然态度。

1 deteriorating   

恶化，变坏( deteriorate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The weather conditions are deteriorating. 天气变得越来越糟。
• I was well aware of the bad morale and the deteriorating factories. 我很清楚，大家情绪低落，各个工厂越搞越坏。

2 annexed   

[法] 附加的，附属的

参考例句：

• Germany annexed Austria in 1938. 1938年德国吞并了奥地利。
• The outlying villages were formally annexed by the town last year. 那些偏远的村庄于去年正式被并入该镇。

3 deteriorated   

恶化，变坏( deteriorate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. 她的健康状况急剧恶化，不久便去世了。
• His condition steadily deteriorated. 他的病情恶化，日甚一日。

4 annexation   

n.吞并，合并

参考例句：

• He mentioned the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910 .他提及1910年日本对朝鲜的吞并。
• I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas.我认为合并的问题，完全属于德克萨斯和美国之间的事。

5 discriminating   

a.有辨别能力的

参考例句：

• Due caution should be exercised in discriminating between the two. 在区别这两者时应该相当谨慎。
• Many businesses are accused of discriminating against women. 许多企业被控有歧视妇女的做法。

6 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。

7 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

8 brazen   

adj.厚脸皮的，无耻的，坚硬的

参考例句：

• The brazen woman laughed loudly at the judge who sentenced her.那无耻的女子冲着给她判刑的法官高声大笑。
• Some people prefer to brazen a thing out rather than admit defeat.有的人不愿承认失败，而是宁肯厚着脸皮干下去。

9 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

10 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

11 portraying   

v.画像( portray的现在分词 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• The artist has succeeded in portraying my father to the life. 那位画家把我的父亲画得惟妙惟肖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ding Ling was good at portraying figures through careful and refined description of human psychology. 《莎菲女士的日记》是丁玲的成名作，曾引起强烈的社会反响。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

12 inflaming   

v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• And, by inflaming the liver, hepatitis can adversely affect dozens of life processes. 而肝脏的炎症又会对数十种生命过程产生有害影响。 来自辞典例句
• Your throat are inflaming. 你的喉部发炎了。 来自互联网

13 fascists   

n.法西斯主义的支持者( fascist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists. 老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 covert   

adj.隐藏的；暗地里的

参考例句：

• We should learn to fight with enemy in an overt and covert way.我们应学会同敌人做公开和隐蔽的斗争。
• The army carried out covert surveillance of the building for several months.军队对这座建筑物进行了数月的秘密监视。

15 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

16 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

17 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

18 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

19 muzzled   

给（狗等）戴口套( muzzle的过去式和过去分词 )； 使缄默，钳制…言论

参考例句：

• The newspapers were effectively muzzled by strict censorship laws. 严厉的新闻审查法有效地使那些报纸沉默了下来。
• Whenever in the street our dog is muzzled. 每当上街时，我们的狗总是戴上嘴套。

20 harassment   

n.骚扰，扰乱，烦恼，烦乱

参考例句：

• She often got telephone harassment at night these days.这些天她经常在夜晚受到电话骚扰。
• The company prohibits any form of harassment.公司禁止任何形式的骚扰行为。

21 prosecution   

n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营

参考例句：

• The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。
• He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

22 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

23 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

24 deprivation   

n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困

参考例句：

• Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
• Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。

25 authoritarian   

n./adj.专制(的)，专制主义者，独裁主义者

参考例句：

• Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
• The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。

26 defiance   

n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗

参考例句：

• He climbed the ladder in defiance of the warning.他无视警告爬上了那架梯子。
• He slammed the door in a spirit of defiance.他以挑衅性的态度把门砰地一下关上。