VOA常速英语2016--伊朗恐有违人道主义条约

伊朗恐有违人道主义条约

Rights monitors report that an ailing¹ Christian² woman held in Iran's Evin prison for three yearshas been denied medical leave. Maryam Zargaran was arrested in 2012 and sentenced becauseof her Christian faith to four years in prison for supposed security-related crimes. She hasbeen on a hunger strike for weeks, protesting the refusal of authorities to grant her medicaltreatment or leave. According to Iran's New Islamic Penal³ Code, prisoners can apply forconditional release after serving a third of their sentence. Ms. Zargaran is reportedly sufferingfrom heart and hearing problems and other serious ailments⁴, and has complained of poortreatment from the prison's clinic. Both Amnesty International and the U.S. State Departmenthave noted⁵ and condemned⁶ the practice by Iranian authorities of denying proper medical careto prisoners of conscience and other political prisoners. Both have also noted that thepersecution of religious minorities in Iran continues unabated. Iran remains⁷ a “Country ofParticular Concern” under the International Religious Freedom Act in the U.S. Christians,Muslims who do not adhere to the government's official interpretation⁸ of Islam, Yarsanis,Jews, and, most particularly, Baha'is face discrimination, arbitrary arrest, imprisonment⁹ andworse, because of their faith, despite President Hassan Rouhani's promise in 2013 that “Allethnicities, all religions, even religious minorities, must feel justice.” Iran has ratified¹⁰ theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights and is a signatory to the International Covenant¹¹ on Civiland Political Rights, both of which guarantee freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.Secretary of State John Kerry has said that the basis of this critical freedom is respect: Andrespect, in turn, demands legal equality. It demands that the practitioners¹² of one faithunderstand that they have no right to coerce¹³ others into submission¹⁴, conversion¹⁵, orsilence, or to literally¹⁶ take their lives because of their beliefs. The United States, as PresidentBarack Obama has said, remains committed to promoting religious freedom, both at home andacross the globe... and urges every country to recognize religious freedom as both auniversal right and as a key to a stable, prosperous and peaceful future.

据相关人权情况通报称，伊朗伊文监狱一名身体垂危的女基督徒已入狱三年，却从未获准病假。这名妇女名为玛丽亚姆，2012年入狱，因其基督信仰涉嫌与国家安全有关的犯罪而被判4年。玛丽亚姆已进行了长达数周的绝食，抗议当局不准她进行治疗或批准病假。根据伊朗的《新伊斯兰刑法典》，入狱者可申请在服刑三分之一后，可申请假释。据报道，玛丽亚姆患有严重的心脏病、听觉障碍和其他疾病，并曾哭诉监狱的不人性化对待。国际特赦组织及美国国务院已注意到这一点，并谴责伊朗当局拒为已服刑一段时间或其他政治囚徒提供合理的医疗。同时也注意到伊朗当局对囚犯的迫害并未有丝毫缓解。伊朗依然是美国《国际宗教自由法》的大敌。

尽管伊朗总统哈山曾于2013年做出承诺称，“所有种族、所有宗教，甚至所有宗教少数群体，都必须感受到公平正义”，但事实是，基督教徒、穆斯林教徒只要不遵守伊朗对伊斯兰、犹太教、巴哈教等的官方解读的话，就会受到歧视、不明拘捕、监禁，甚至更不堪设想的后果。伊朗已批准《世界人权宣言》，并签署了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》，这两个文件均是对思想自由、良知自由和宗教自由的保证。伊朗国务卿约翰已表示过，自由的根本是尊重：而尊重又需要法律平等。要求其某种信仰的践行者明白自己无权因他人有不同的信仰，而强迫他人服从自己、转变信仰、保持沉默，或是剥夺他人生命。正如美国总统奥巴马所言，美国始终致力于维护美国及全球的宗教自由。并致力于敦促每个国家将宗教自由视为全球性的权利，视为稳定、繁荣、和平未来的关键。

1 ailing   

v.生病

参考例句：

• They discussed the problems ailing the steel industry. 他们讨论了困扰钢铁工业的问题。
• She looked after her ailing father. 她照顾有病的父亲。

2 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

3 penal   

adj.刑罚的；刑法上的

参考例句：

• I hope you're familiar with penal code.我希望你们熟悉本州法律规则。
• He underwent nineteen years of penal servitude for theft.他因犯了大窃案受过十九年的苦刑。

4 ailments   

疾病（尤指慢性病），不适( ailment的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His ailments include a mild heart attack and arthritis. 他患有轻度心脏病和关节炎。
• He hospitalizes patients for minor ailments. 他把只有小病的患者也送进医院。

5 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

6 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

7 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

8 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。

9 imprisonment   

n.关押，监禁，坐牢

参考例句：

• His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
• He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。

10 ratified   

v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The treaty was declared invalid because it had not been ratified. 条约没有得到批准，因此被宣布无效。
• The treaty was ratified by all the member states. 这个条约得到了所有成员国的批准。

11 covenant   

n.盟约，契约；v.订盟约

参考例句：

• They refused to covenant with my father for the property.他们不愿与我父亲订立财产契约。
• The money was given to us by deed of covenant.这笔钱是根据契约书付给我们的。

12 practitioners   

n.习艺者，实习者( practitioner的名词复数 )；从业者（尤指医师）

参考例句：

• one of the greatest practitioners of science fiction 最了不起的科幻小说家之一
• The technique is experimental, but the list of its practitioners is growing. 这种技术是试验性的，但是采用它的人正在增加。 来自辞典例句

13 coerce   

v.强迫，压制

参考例句：

• You can't coerce her into obedience.你不能强制她服从。
• Do you think there is any way that we can coerce them otherwise?你认为我们有什么办法强迫他们不那样吗？

14 submission   

n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出

参考例句：

• The defeated general showed his submission by giving up his sword.战败将军缴剑表示投降。
• No enemy can frighten us into submission.任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。

15 conversion   

n.转化，转换，转变

参考例句：

• He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
• Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。

16 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。