VOA常速英语2016--跨国环境犯罪猖獗 亟需多边携手整治

跨国环境犯罪猖獗 亟需多边携手整治

Environmental crime encompasses¹ activity such as illegal logging, mining, dumping of dangerous chemicals, illegal fishing, and the poaching and illegal sale of wildlife.

环境犯罪包括：非法伐木、采矿、丢弃危险化学品、非法捕鱼、狩猎、非法贩卖野生动物。

This is big business. According to a recent report by the United Nations Environment Program and INTERPOL, only drug smuggling², counterfeiting³ and trafficking in humans are more profitable criminal endeavors than is environmental crime. Which is why transnational criminal organizations have increasingly become involved in environmental crime. Such is the case in Peru.

环境犯罪很有油水可捞。根据联合国环境署和国际刑警组织近期发布的一则报告，在人类从事的各种犯罪行为中，环境犯罪的收益仅次于毒品走私、伪造、非法交易。这也是跨国犯罪组织愈发参与到环境犯罪中的原因。秘鲁现在就是这种情况。

Criminal enterprises thriving off of illegal trade in protected species puts Peru's megadiverse wildlife under pressure. Reptiles⁴, amphibians⁵, and exotic birds are all trafficked illegally for the live pet trade. Poaching of vicu?a is on the rise in the Andean region, said U.S. Ambassador to Peru Brian Nichols at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, or APEC, Pathfinder III Dialogue.

犯罪团伙凭借非法贩卖受保护物种发家致富，将秘鲁的无数野生动物置于危险境地。爬行动物、两栖动物、奇珍鸟类都成为非法贩卖的对象。在最近召开的亚太经和组织（APEC）会议上，美国驻秘鲁大使布莱恩表示，安第斯山脉地区的骆马贩卖正在不断攀升。

Like all forms of transnational organized crime, trafficking in one area strengthens criminal organizations in others, fuels corruption⁶, and imperils our security. Illegal logging, mining, wildlife trafficking, and fishing facilitate the exploitation of individuals for profit, as men, women, and children are subjected to forced labor⁷ or sex trafficking.

环境犯罪与所有跨国组织犯罪一样：某个地区的非法交易会增强其他地区犯罪团伙的实力，助长贪污，危害公共安全。非法伐木、采矿、贩卖野生动物、非法捕鱼雇佣成年男性、成年女性和孩子做苦力或作性交易，都是为了帮助个人牟取利益。

This sort of illegal activity engenders⁸ and is facilitated by corruption.

这种非法行为产生后，随着腐败的扩散而愈发猖獗。

On the global level, corruption undermines economic growth, raising the cost of doing business by creating uncertainty⁹, stifling¹⁰ innovation and competitiveness, and deterring¹¹ investment.

从全球角度来看，贪污腐败会阻碍经济增长，增加不确定性，进而导致运营成本加大，抑制创造力和竞争性，阻碍投资。

At the local level, corruption and illicit¹² trade strip communities of their resources, leaving behind barren, often poisoned landscapes and aquifers¹³, and derail the regions' sustainable future.

从区域角度来看，贪污腐败和非法交易会穷竭地区资源，导致土地贫瘠，甚至地形受到破坏，含水层枯竭，断送地区可持续发展的未来。

The United States works with Peru to strengthen its capacity to investigate, prosecute¹⁴, and convict individuals and dismantle¹⁵ criminal networks engaged in environmental crime. At the same time, Peru is using a variety of comprehensive law enforcement approaches to address environmental crime, illicit trade, and human trafficking.

美国与秘鲁一道加强秘鲁对从事环境犯罪的犯罪网络进行调查、起诉、判罪、剿灭。同时，秘鲁正在使用多种执法措施，以解决环境犯罪、非法交易、人口贩卖的问题。

Environmental crime is a global problem, and eliminating it requires a global effort. “Through the Pathfinder Dialogue, APEC economies and partners should continue coordinated¹⁶ investigations¹⁷ across borders to combat environment and human security threats,” said Ambassador Nichols.

环境犯罪是全球性问题，解决这个问题需要全球的共同努力。布莱恩表示，“通过APEC会议的召开，亚太各国及其合作伙伴应该继续为对抗环境和人类安全威胁而进行跨国携手调查”。

 

These efforts will build skills that lead to even more effective investigations, seizures¹⁸, arrests, and prosecutions¹⁹, as well as effective identification of and assistance to victims of human trafficking.

各国的共同努力将增强调查、逮捕、拘留、判罪的效率，同时也能够为人口贩卖的受害者提供更有效的身份确认和必要援助。

1 encompasses   

v.围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 )；包围；包含；包括

参考例句：

• The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. 这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。
• Its conservation law encompasses both its magnitude and its direction. 它的守恒定律包括大小和方向两方面。 来自辞典例句

2 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

3 counterfeiting   

n.伪造v.仿制，造假( counterfeit的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He was sent to prison for counterfeiting five-dollar bills. 他因伪造5美元的钞票被捕入狱。 来自辞典例句
• National bureau released securities, certificates with security anti-counterfeiting paper technical standards. 国家质量技术监督局发布了证券、证件用安全性防伪纸张技术标准。 来自互联网

4 reptiles   

n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Snakes and crocodiles are both reptiles. 蛇和鳄鱼都是爬行动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Birds, reptiles and insects come from eggs. 鸟类、爬虫及昆虫是卵生的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 amphibians   

两栖动物( amphibian的名词复数 )； 水陆两用车； 水旱两生植物； 水陆两用飞行器

参考例句：

• The skin of amphibians is permeable to water. 两栖动物的皮肤是透水的。
• Two amphibians ferry them out over the sands. 两辆水陆两用车把他们渡过沙滩。

6 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

7 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 engenders   

v.产生（某形势或状况），造成，引起( engender的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Sympathy often engenders love. 同情常常产生爱情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Some people believe poverty engenders crime. 有人认为贫困生罪恶。 来自辞典例句

9 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

10 stifling   

a.令人窒息的

参考例句：

• The weather is stifling. It looks like rain. 今天太闷热，光景是要下雨。
• We were stifling in that hot room with all the windows closed. 我们在那间关着窗户的热屋子里，简直透不过气来。

11 deterring   

v.阻止，制止( deter的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• However, investors say are a number of issues deterring business. 然而，投资者表示，有很多问题让他们却步。 来自互联网
• It's an effective way of deterring potential does online, the logic goes. 逻辑上这是抑制潜在线上威胁的有效方法。 来自互联网

12 illicit   

adj.非法的，禁止的，不正当的

参考例句：

• He had an illicit association with Jane.他和简曾有过不正当关系。
• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year.今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。

13 aquifers   

n.地下蓄水层，砂石含水层( aquifer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• And in Africa, the aquifers barely recharge at all. 非洲的地下水开采以后几乎得不到补充。 来自时文部分
• Aquifers have water contents over 30%. 含水层的水含过30％。 来自辞典例句

14 prosecute   

vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官

参考例句：

• I am trying my best to prosecute my duties.我正在尽力履行我的职责。
• Is there enough evidence to prosecute?有没有起诉的足够证据？

15 dismantle   

vt.拆开，拆卸；废除，取消

参考例句：

• He asked for immediate help from the United States to dismantle the warheads.他请求美国立即提供援助，拆除这批弹头。
• The mower firmly refused to mow,so I decided to dismantle it.修完后割草机还是纹丝不动，于是，我决定把它拆开。

16 coordinated   

adj.协调的

参考例句：

• The sound has to be coordinated with the picture. 声音必须和画面协调一致。
• The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

17 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

18 seizures   

n.起获( seizure的名词复数 )；没收；充公；起获的赃物

参考例句：

• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因，有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句

19 prosecutions   

起诉( prosecution的名词复数 )； 原告； 实施； 从事

参考例句：

• It is the duty of the Attorney-General to institute prosecutions. 检察总长负责提起公诉。
• Since World War II, the government has been active in its antitrust prosecutions. 第二次世界大战以来，政府积极地进行着反对托拉斯的检举活动。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件