VOA常速英语2020--美国国际开发署以及走向自助

Next, an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government.The Journey to Self-Reliance is a key goal of USAID’s development efforts. The idea is to orient the U.S Government’s development work toward a time when foreign assistance is no longer necessary. “It's USAID's anchoring framework for how we think about achieving our ultimate goal, which is ending the need for foreign assistance,” said USAID’s Acting¹ Assistant Administrator² for Africa Chris Maloney.“If we want to end the need for foreign assistance in a given country, it means that country has to be self-reliant.”There are two very specific ways that USAID thinks about self-reliance. “The first is looking at the commitment that we see in a country,” said Acting Assistant Administrator Maloney: “What I mean by commitment are things like policy choices, informal governance mechanisms³, cultural norms, things that help or hinder, help or hinder a country along its journey in terms of the choices it's making on its development path.

接下来是一篇反映美国政府观点的社论。走向自助是美国国际开发署发展努力的一个关键目标。实现自助的目的是使美国政府的发展工作面向一个不再需要外国援助的时代。美国国际开发署非洲事务代理助理署长克里斯·马洛尼表示：“这是美国国际开发署为实现我们最终目标，即结束外国援助的需求而锚定的框架。”“如果我们想要结束某个国家对外国援助的需求，这意味着这个国家必须自助。”美国国际开发署认为实现自助有两种具体方式。“首先我们要看一个国家所做的承诺，”代理助理署长表示：“我所说的承诺，是指政策选择、非正式治理机制、文化规范，以及从一个国家在发展道路上所做的选择来看，帮助或阻碍一个国家前进的因素。

Second, USAID looks at is capacity.“So things like education levels, health levels, the ability of the government to deliver services. The strength of civil society. The economic structure. Things that you can't just change with the stroke of a pen.”USAID believes that by helping⁴ a country increase commitment and build capacity, it will set that country moving along a journey to self-reliance and toward being able to manage its own development challenges.“So this idea of a journey, self-reliance, I kind of like to say at the end of the day, it's a fancy way of talking about the development spectrum⁵, making sure that we're doing a very country centric approach to that, and particularly in Africa's case,really looking hard at the commitment capacity in a given country and figuring out how we can support both of those as best we can.”If you would like to find out how a country is doing on the journey to self-reliance, and how it’s stacking up against its neighbors (or any other developing country for that matter), have a look at USAID’s “Country Roadmaps.” These simple visualizations use third party data to assess commitment and capacity in a given country, and provide a sense of a country’s self-reliance strengths and weaknesses across 17 metrics. They are available at https://selfreliance.usaid.gov/ for any country classified as low or middle income.That was an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government.

第二，美国国际开发署看重的是能力。“所以像教育水平、健康水平、政府提供服务的能力。公民社会的力量。经济结构。就是指这些你不能大笔一挥，就发生改变的事情。”美国国际开发署相信，通过帮助一个国家增加承诺和能力建设，将使该国走上自助的道路，并使其能够应对自身的发展挑战。“因此最后，关于走向自助，我想说的是，这是一种谈论发展范围的奇特方式，要确保我们在这方面采取以国家为中心的方法，特别是针对非洲的情况，认真研究某个特定国家的承诺和能力，并找出我们如何才能做到尽我们所能支持这两点。”如果你想了解一个国家走向自助的表现，以及它与邻国（或其他发展中国家）的竞争情况，可以看看美国国际开发署的“国家路线图”。这些简单的可视化图使用第三方数据来评估特定国家的承诺和能力，并提供一个国家在17个指标中的自助优势和劣势。对于所有被列为低收入或中等收入的国家，都可以在https://selfreliance.usaid.gov/上看到。这是一篇反映美国政府观点的社论。

1 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

2 administrator   

n.经营管理者，行政官员

参考例句：

• The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
• He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。

3 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

5 spectrum   

n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

参考例句：

• This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
• We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。