TED演讲:人类基因研究需要更多样化(3)

Now despite this history of distrust, I still believe that indigenous¹ people can benefit from genetic² research.

现在，不管那段充满着怀疑的历史，我依旧相信，土著居民能够从基因研究中获利。

And if we don't do something soon, the gap in health disparities is going to continue to widen.

如果我们不尽快采取行动，医疗健康差距的鸿沟将越来越宽。

Hawaii, for example, has the longest life expectancy³ on average of any state in the US,

拿夏威夷举个例子，在美国所有州中，夏威夷是最长寿的州，

yet native Hawaiians like myself die a full decade before our non-native counterparts,

但是像我这样的夏威夷人比非土著人早整整10年去世，

because we have some of the highest rates of type 2 diabetes⁴, obesity⁵,

因为我们有2型糖尿病、肥胖症

and the number one and number two killers⁶ in the US: cardiovascular disease and cancer.

和美国头号和二号杀手疾病：心血管疾病和癌症的最高发病率。

So how do we ensure the populations of people that need genome sequencing the most are not the last to benefit?

所以，我们该如何保证最需要基因组序列的人群不是最后获益的？

My vision is to make genetic research more native, to indigenize genome sequencing technology.

我的愿望是想让基因研究更贴近当地，来本地化基因序列研究。

Traditionally, genomes are sequenced in laboratories.

一般来说，基因序列会在实验室被排序。

Here's an image of your classic genome sequencer.

这是一张有关基因序列测定仪的照片。

It's huge. It's the size of a refrigerator. There's this obvious physical limitation.

它十分巨大，有一个冰箱大小。很明显，它对空间有一定限制。

But what if you could sequence genomes on the fly?

但是，如果你能在飞机上使用基因序列测定仪会怎么样？

What if you could fit a genome sequencer in your pocket?

如果你能用口袋装下一个基因序列测定仪会怎么样？

This nanopore-based sequencer is one 10,000th the size of your traditional genome sequencer.

这个纳米孔测序仪只有传统基因序列测定仪的万分之一大小。

It doesn't have the same physical limitations,

它没有很多对空间的限制，它

in that it's not tethered to a lab bench with extraneous⁷ cords, large vats⁸ of chemicals or computer monitors.

不需要被绳子拴在实验室的长凳上，它无需大量的化学物质和电脑显示器。

It allows us to de-black box genome sequencing technology development in a way that's immersive and collaborative,

它能让我们以仿真和协作的方式来排列基因，

activating⁹ and empowering indigenous communities... as citizen scientists.

让土著居民有动力和能力研究基因序列，让他们成为科学家。

1 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

2 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

3 expectancy   

n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额

参考例句：

• Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
• The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。

4 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

5 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

6 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

7 extraneous   

adj.体外的；外来的；外部的

参考例句：

• I can choose to ignore these extraneous thoughts.我可以选择无视这些外来的想法。
• Reductant from an extraneous source is introduced.外来的还原剂被引进来。

8 vats   

varieties 变化，多样性，种类

参考例句：

• Fixed rare issue with getting stuck in VATS mode. 修正了极少出现的VATS模式卡住的问题。
• Objective To summarize the experience of VATS clinic application. 目的总结电视胸腔镜手术(vats)胸外科疾病治疗中的临床应用经验。

9 activating   

活动的，活性的

参考例句：

• "I didn't say we'd got to stop activating the masses! “我并没说就此不发动！ 来自子夜部分
• Presumably both the very small size and activating influence of fluorine atoms contribute to this exception. 这大概是由于氟原子半径小和活性高这两个原因的影响，氟原子对这种例外做出了贡献。