美国有线新闻 CNN CDC发布最新冠状病毒防控指南

Washing hands, yes. Disinfecting everything, not so much.

洗手，是的。给所有的物品消毒，并不需要。

That's the latest guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, when it comes to the prevention of spreading coronavirus.

这是美国疾病控制与预防中心（简称CDC）就防止冠状病毒传播发布的最新指南。

Last year, the CDC wrote by using disinfectants we can further lower the risk of spreading COVID-19.

去年，美国疾病控制与预防中心发布的指南写道，使用消毒剂可以进一步降低传播新冠肺炎的风险。

The government medical agency listed bleach¹ mixed with water as a make it yourself disinfectant.

政府医疗机构将漂白剂与水混合作为自制消毒剂。

Now, it's guidance on that has changed.

现在，这方面的指导方针已经改变。

For one thing, the CDC says disinfecting surfaces is usually not necessary unless someone who's sick has been in the home within 24 hours.

首先，美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，除非生病的人在家超过24小时，否则通常没有必要对物体表面进行消毒。

It's also telling people to be more careful with disinfectants.

美国疾病控制与预防中心还告诫人们，要更谨慎地使用消毒剂。

Last year more calls related to these chemicals were made to poison control centers than there were in 2019 and 2018.

去年，与2019年和2018年相比，有毒物质控制中心接到的与这些化学品有关的电话数量有所增加。

The organization says bleach is toxic². It reminds people never to mix it with ammonia and it says it should never be used on food.

该组织表示，漂白剂有毒。同时提醒人们千万不要将它和氨混合在一起，而且永远不应用于食物。

It also says household cleaners need to be kept off our skin and out of our bodies.

该组织还表示，家用清洁剂需要远离我们的皮肤和身体。

Officials say the risk of catching³ coronavirus off the surfaces we touch is a low especially if surfaces are outside.

官员表示，我们因接触物体表面而感染冠状病毒的风险很低，特别是裸露在外的物体表面。

The main way the disease spreads is when you're nearby someone who has it, particularly if they're spreading droplets⁴ by coughing or sneezing.

这种疾病传播的主要途径是，你在患者身边时，他们咳嗽或打喷嚏所传播的飞沫。

Should we stop cleaning surfaces all together? No.

我们应该停止清洁物体表面吗？不是。

Research shows that in a household where someone has COVID-19, transmission rates are lower when common surfaces are regularly cleaned.

研究表明，在有人感染新冠肺炎的家庭中，经常清洁物体表面能降低病毒的传播率。

The CDC says doing that with soap or detergent⁵ is good enough and that doorknobs and light switches are good spots to focus on.

美国疾病预防与控制中心表示，用肥皂或洗涤剂进行清洁就足够了，门把手和电灯开关是需要重点关注的地方。

What about alternative cleaning methods like LED blue lights and ultrasonic⁶ waves?

LED蓝光和超声波等其他清洁方法怎么样？

Officials say they don't know yet how effective these methods are.

官员表示，他们尚不清楚这些方法的有效性。

We've talked about how some U.S. colleges are considering COVID vaccine⁷ requirements for students

我们此前报道过，一些美国大学考虑要求学生接种疫苗，

though they can apply for exemptions⁸ for religious or medical reasons.

尽管学生可以因为宗教或医学原因申请豁免。

Experts say it's not clear if universities can legally require the shot and some like Harvard strongly recommend it but don't require it.

专家表示，目前尚不清楚大学是否可以合法要求注射，哈佛等大学强烈建议接种疫苗，但并不强制要求。

1 bleach   

vt.使漂白；vi.变白；n.漂白剂

参考例句：

• These products don't bleach the hair.这些产品不会使头发变白。
• Did you bleach this tablecloth?你把这块桌布漂白了吗？

2 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

3 catching   

adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住

参考例句：

• There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
• Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。

4 droplets   

n.小滴( droplet的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Droplets of sweat were welling up on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了滴滴汗珠。 来自辞典例句
• In constrast, exhaled smoke contains relatively large water droplets and appears white. 相反，从人嘴里呼出的烟则包含相当大的水滴，所以呈白色。 来自辞典例句

5 detergent   

n.洗涤剂；adj.有洗净力的

参考例句：

• He recommended a new detergent to me.他向我推荐一种新的洗涤剂。
• This detergent can remove stubborn stains.这种去污剂能去除难洗的污渍。

6 ultrasonic   

adj.超声的；n.超声波

参考例句：

• It was very necessary for people to take type-B ultrasonic inspection regularly.定期进行B超检查是十分必要的。
• Sounds are classified into two kinds: sonic and ultrasonic.声波分为两类，即普通声波与超声波。

7 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

8 exemptions   

n.（义务等的）免除( exemption的名词复数 )；免（税）；（收入中的）免税额

参考例句：

• The exemptions for interpretive rules, policy statements, and procedural rules have just been discussed. 有关解释性规则、政策说明和程序规则的免责我们刚刚讨论过。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• A: The regulation outlines specific exemptions for some WPM. 答：该规定概述了某些木质包装材料的特定的例外情形。 来自互联网