华盛顿邮报 伊朗女性为何焚烧头巾？(1)

In Iran, hijabs are burning.

这里是伊朗，正在燃烧头巾。

Over the past few days, we have seen these scenes of massive crowds of women protesting in the streets, marching, chanting, yelling at police, and breaking the laws around their hair.

在过去的几天里，我们看到了这样的场景:大批妇女在伊朗街头抗议，游行，喊口号，对警察吼叫，违反戴头巾的法规。

Women are taking off their hijab, burning their hijab, cutting their hair, doing all these, again, small acts that have really big meaning.

妇女们摘下头巾，烧掉头巾，剪掉头发，所有这些事情虽渺小却意义重大。

Others are speaking out against the government, specifically yelling "Death to the dictator," which is a reference to the supreme¹ leader.

另一些人则公开反对政府，特别是大喊“独裁者去死”，这是指最高领袖。

Miriam Berger is a foreign affairs reporter for The Post.

米里亚姆·伯格是《华盛顿邮报》的外交事务记者。

She has been covering these protests, which started after the death of Mahsa Amini.

她一直在报道这些从马莎·阿米尼去世后开始的抗议活动。

Amini she was a 22-year-old woman who died after she was taken into police custody² for allegedly violating the country's strict dress codes.

阿米尼是一名22岁的女子，因涉嫌违反该国严格的着装规定而被警方拘留，之后不幸身亡。

It really just ignited a lot of anger in Iran that had, you know, been long simmering and also had already been displayed in what has been weeks-long, smaller-scale protests by women against wearing the hijab, the headscarf, which is compulsory³ for women there.

这真的点燃了伊朗的愤怒，你知道，这种愤怒已经酝酿了很长时间，而且已经在持续数周的女性反对戴头巾的小规模抗议中表现出来，在那里，女性必须佩戴头巾。

And so this really was ignited in part by all these longstanding grievances⁴, unemployment, inflation, and also what women had been doing in the streets in recent weeks.

这是由长期的不满，包括失业，通胀，以及最近几周女性在街头的行为引起的。

As protests intensify⁵, the government is cracking down.

随着抗议活动的加剧，该国政府正在进行镇压。

Now the question is, what happens next?

现在的问题是，接下来会发生什么?

Today, how the death of Mahsa Amini is sparking protests and putting the world's focus on Iranians' anger and frustration⁶ with their ultraconservative leaders.

如今，马哈萨·阿米尼的死亡引发了抗议，并将世界的注意力集中在伊朗人对他们极端保守的领导人的愤怒和沮丧上。

So, Miriam, tell me more about what exactly sparked these protests.

米里亚姆，告诉我到底是什么引发了这些抗议。

So, a 22-year-old named Mahsa Amini, from Western Iran, the Kurdistan province, was in Tehran early last week and, according to reports, was detained by the so-called morality police as she was exiting the metro⁷ station, who can, you know, patrol and arrest women who are not in compliance⁸ with Iran's very strict dress code.

22岁的马莎·阿米尼，来自伊朗西部的库尔德斯坦省，上周早些时候待在德黑兰，据报道，她在走出地铁站时被所谓的道德警察拘留了，你知道，警察在巡逻时可以逮捕不符合伊朗异常严格的着装要求的女性。

And what is that dress code? Like, what are women supposed to be wearing in Iran?

着装要求是什么? 在伊朗，女性应该穿什么?

So, women are supposed to have their head covered, you know, completely in what's generally called a hijab.

女性应该把她们的头部完全盖住，也就是用通常被称为“希贾布”的头巾盖住。

There's lots of different forms and names for different kinds of way women can dress in compliance with these codes, but they also should have sort of long dresses, but, in general, covered up.

根据这些规范，女性的着装方式有很多不同的形式和名称，但她们还应该穿长裙，但一般来说，要遮盖起来。

And Iran's also a really stylish⁹ place.

伊朗也是一个非常时尚的地方。

So, you know, people do have their own ways for pushing the boundaries.

你知道，人们确实用自己的方式来突破界限。

So you will see a lot of people having just a little bit of their hair covered, though that technically¹⁰ is not in compliance with the rules.

所以你会看到很多人只遮住一点头发，尽管严格来说这是不符合规定的。

And, you know, people find their own ways to sort of still express their individuality within these very, very strict rules and, you know, how they can be in public.

而且，在这些非常严格的规定下，人们找到了自己的方式来表达个性，你知道，他们如何在公共场合露面。

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

3 compulsory   

n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的

参考例句：

• Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
• Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。

4 grievances   

n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚

参考例句：

• The trade union leader spoke about the grievances of the workers. 工会领袖述说工人们的苦情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• He gave air to his grievances. 他申诉了他的冤情。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 intensify   

vt.加强；变强；加剧

参考例句：

• We must intensify our educational work among our own troops.我们必须加强自己部队的教育工作。
• They were ordered to intensify their patrols to protect our air space.他们奉命加强巡逻，保卫我国的领空。

6 frustration   

n.挫折，失败，失效，落空

参考例句：

• He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。

7 metro   

n.地铁；adj.大都市的；(METRO)麦德隆(财富500强公司之一总部所在地德国，主要经营零售)

参考例句：

• Can you reach the park by metro?你可以乘地铁到达那个公园吗？
• The metro flood gate system is a disaster prevention equipment.地铁防淹门系统是一种防灾设备。

8 compliance   

n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从

参考例句：

• I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
• She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。

9 stylish   

adj.流行的，时髦的；漂亮的，气派的

参考例句：

• He's a stylish dresser.他是个穿着很有格调的人。
• What stylish women are wearing in Paris will be worn by women all over the world.巴黎女性时装往往会引导世界时装潮流。

10 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。