华盛顿邮报 沉默对男性健康的伤害(2)

 

    I really want to unpack¹ some of the factors that could be driving this.

    我真的很想分析一些可能导致这种情况的因素。

    I remember, for example, being in the thick of the pandemic and hearing that men were more likely to die of COVID. Is that playing a role in this, to some extent?

    例如，我记得，在疫情最严重的时候，我听说男性更有可能因新冠而死。在某种程度上，这在其中发挥作用吗?

    COVID has changed life expectancy², in general, but it is true that men were more likely to die of COVID. Women are more likely to have long COVID.

    总体而言，新冠改变了预期寿命，但男性确实更有可能死于新冠。而女性更有可能患长新冠。

    But the fact that men are more likely to die -- The statistic³ is actually 140 deaths by COVID per 100,000 men. For women, it's 87.7. So that's a big difference.

    但事实上，男性更有可能死于新冠——统计数据实际上显示，每10万男性中有140人死于新冠。女性的这一数字则是87.7人。这是一个很大的差距。

    But it's not completely surprising.

    但这并不完全令人惊讶。

    The male species, whether it's a human or, you know, an animal, a mammal, is more likely to die of parasitic⁴ infection.

    雄性物种，无论是人类还是动物、哺乳动物，死于寄生虫感染的可能性都更大。

    So, you know, it may have to do with testosterone. Testosterone can suppress the immune system, and that might be why men are more vulnerable to infection.

    因此，这可能与睾丸激素有关。睾丸激素可以抑制免疫系统，这可能就是为什么男性更容易感染的原因。

    We know with women, they're more likely to get autoimmune disease where they have -- their immune system responds to powerfully.

    我们知道，女性更容易患上自身免疫性疾病，她们的免疫系统反应强烈。

    And that's why more, you know, various autoimmune conditions that can cause chronic⁵ illness.

    这就是为什么各种各样的自身免疫性疾病会导致慢性疾病。

    So we know there are differences in that hormones⁶, biology, certainly plays a role.

    我们知道生物学上的激素差异肯定发挥了作用。

    But that doesn't mean we have to accept that men will always die sooner.

    但这并不意味着我们必须接受男性寿命更短的观点。

    You know, we've made a lot of gains in how we treat women's health conditions, so I don't think just because there's a biological factor, doesn't mean we should say, "Oh. We're done," because there's definitely more you can do.

    我们在治疗女性疾病方面取得了很多进展，但我不认为仅仅是因为生物学因素，我们就应该说，“哦。我们得出结论了，”因为肯定还有更多的原因待发现。

    I mean, that's a great point. It really seems like there are a lot of underlying⁷ biological reasons that could explain why men don't live as long as women.

    我的意思是，这是一个很好的观点。似乎有很多潜在的生物学原因可以解释为什么男性没有女性长寿。

    But there is more to it than that, right?

    但事情远没有这么简单，对吧?

    Like I mentioned, I'm in my mid⁸ 30s, I haven't been to a doctor in a long time.

    我提到说我30多岁了，我很久没有看过医生了。

    And I promise you, I'm not the only person in my life or maybe even your life who that is true of.

    我向你保证，在我的生活中，甚至在你的生活中，我不是唯一一个这样做的人。

    It feels like we're maybe more broadly more reluctant to seek help or to go to a doctor, you know.

    感觉我们可能更不愿意寻求帮助，不愿意去看医生。

    Is part of the longevity⁹ gap, as you call it, is part of that driven by cultural expectations of what a boy or a man should be doing or thinking about this stuff?

    你所说的寿命差距，是不是部分由文化对男孩或男人应该做什么或思考什么的期望所驱动的?

1 unpack   

vt.打开包裹（或行李），卸货

参考例句：

• I must unpack before dinner.我得在饭前把行李打开。
• She said she would unpack the items later.她说以后再把箱子里的东西拿出来。

2 expectancy   

n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额

参考例句：

• Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
• The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。

3 statistic   

n.统计量；adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• Official statistics show real wages declining by 24%.官方统计数字表明实际工资下降了24%。
• There are no reliable statistics for the number of deaths in the battle.关于阵亡人数没有可靠的统计数字。

4 parasitic   

adj.寄生的

参考例句：

• Will global warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?全球变暖是否意味着热带寄生虫病会蔓延呢？
• By definition,this way of life is parasitic.从其含义来说，这是种寄生虫的生活方式。

5 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

6 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

7 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

8 mid   

adj.中央的，中间的

参考例句：

• Our mid-term exam is pending.我们就要期中考试了。
• He switched over to teaching in mid-career.他在而立之年转入教学工作。

9 longevity   

n.长命；长寿

参考例句：

• Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
• Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。