2022年经济学人 芬兰瑞典向北约递交加入申请

The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻——政治

Finland and Sweden both formally submitted their applications to join NATO.

芬兰和瑞典都正式提交了加入北约的申请。

The two Nordic countries had stayed outside the alliance since its inception¹ in 1949.

自1949年北约创立以来，这两个北欧国家一直处于该联盟之外。

But since Vladimir Putin invaded Ukraine, Swedes and Finns have decided² they would be safer inside than out.

但自从弗拉基米尔·普京入侵乌克兰以来，瑞典人和芬兰人认为，他们在联盟内部比在外部更安全。

Rapid acceptance of the two would-be members is expected, although Turkey is raising objections.

尽管土耳其提出反对，但预计这两个准成员国将很快被接纳。

NATO’s border with Russia will double in length.

北约与俄罗斯的边界长度将增加一倍。

Russian forces pulled back from the area around Kharkiv, Ukraine’s second city.

俄罗斯军队从乌克兰第二大城市哈尔科夫周围地区撤出。

In Mariupol more than 250 fighters, who had been holed up in the Azovstal steel works, surrendered.

在马里乌波尔，躲藏在Azovstal钢铁厂的250多名战士投降了。

Emmanuel Macron appointed Elisabeth Borne as prime minister of France.

埃马纽埃尔·马克龙任命伊丽莎白·波恩为法国总理。

Her first task will be to ensure that the president retains his majority in parliamentary elections due next month.

她的首要任务将是确保总统在定于下月举行的议会选举中保持多数席位。

Germany’s chancellor³, Olaf Scholz, suffered a new blow when his party performed poorly in state elections in North Rhine-Westphalia, the country’s most populous⁴ state.

德国总理奥拉夫·朔尔茨的政党在该国人口最多的北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的州选举中表现不佳，这给他带来了新的打击。

The vote for his Social Democrats⁵ was down by four percentage points from the previous election, in what was for decades the party’s stronghold.

他领导的社会民主党的得票率比上次选举下降了四个百分点，几十年来，该地区一直是该党的大本营。

Northern Ireland’s main unionist party, the DUP, blocked the formation of a new power-sharing executive in the province, after Sinn Féin, an Irish nationalist party, won the most seats in a recent election.

爱尔兰民族主义政党新芬党在最近的选举中赢得了多数席位，此后，北爱尔兰主要的统一主义政党民主统一党阻止了该省新的权力分享行政机构的组建。

The DUP says it wants the British government to scrap⁶ or fundamentally change the Northern Ireland protocol⁷, a post-Brexit agreement which creates a customs border with the rest of the United Kingdom.

民主统一党表示，希望英国政府废除或从根本上改变北爱尔兰议定书，该协议是英国退欧后达成的协议，与英国其他地区建立了海关边界。

Liz Truss, Britain’s foreign secretary, duly announced plans for legislation to do just that.

英国外交大臣利兹·特鲁斯为此适时宣布了相关立法计划。

In Lebanon an alliance led by Hizbullah, a Shia political party-cum-militia⁸, lost its majority in parliament at an election, while independent candidates gained ground.

在黎巴嫩，一个由什叶派政党兼民兵组织真主党领导的联盟在议会选举中失去了多数席位，而独立候选人获得了优势。

A new government could take months to emerge.

新政府可能需要数月时间才能形成。

The old sectarian system is still likely to block wholesale⁹ reform.

旧的宗派体系仍有可能阻碍大规模改革。

Ten days after Zimbabwe’s president, Emmerson Mnangagwa, announced a ban on all bank lending, including overdrafts¹⁰, the country’s central bank lifted it.

津巴布韦总统埃默森·姆南加古瓦宣布禁止包括透支在内的所有银行贷款，10天后，该国央行解除了该禁令。

The ban had been intended to curb¹¹ spiralling inflation.

这项禁令原本是为了抑制不断上升的通货膨胀。

The opposition¹² had described it as “absolute madness”.

反对派称这是“绝对的疯狂”。

Mali’s junta¹³, which has twice seized power in coups¹⁴ since 2020, said it had foiled an attempted putsch.

自2020年以来已两次通过政变夺取政权的马里军政府表示，其阻止了一场未遂政变。

The military government has also withdrawn¹⁵ Mali from a regional counter-terrorism force, the G5 Sahel, blaming it for failing to make progress against the jihadists who control large parts of the country.

军事政府还将马里从地区反恐部队“萨赫勒五国集团”中撤出，指责该部队在打击控制该国大部分地区的圣战分子方面未能取得进展。

America plans to return about 500 troops to Somalia to fight al-Shabab, a militia affiliated¹⁶ with al-Qaeda.

美国计划向索马里派遣约500名士兵，与隶属于基地组织的民兵组织青年党作战。

This reverses Donald Trump’s decision to pull all American troops out of the country.

这推翻了唐纳德·特朗普将所有美军撤出该国的决定。

Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, who was Somalia’s president from 2012 to 2017, was elected to another term.

2012年至2017年担任索马里总统的哈桑·谢赫·马哈茂德再次当选。

The election ended a constitutional crisis created by his predecessor¹⁷, whose term should have ended a year ago.

这次选举结束了前任总统造成的宪法危机，前任总统的任期本应在一年前结束。

1 inception   

n.开端，开始，取得学位

参考例句：

• The programme has been successful since its inception.这个方案自开始实施以来一直卓有成效。
• Julia's worked for that company from its inception.自从那家公司开办以来，朱莉娅一直在那儿工作。

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

4 populous   

adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的

参考例句：

• London is the most populous area of Britain.伦敦是英国人口最稠密的地区。
• China is the most populous developing country in the world.中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家。

5 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 scrap   

n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废

参考例句：

• A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.有个男人定时来收废品。
• Sell that car for scrap.把那辆汽车当残品卖了吧。

7 protocol   

n.议定书，草约，会谈记录，外交礼节

参考例句：

• We must observe the correct protocol.我们必须遵守应有的礼仪。
• The statesmen signed a protocol.那些政治家签了议定书。

8 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

9 wholesale   

n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售

参考例句：

• The retail dealer buys at wholesale and sells at retail.零售商批发购进货物，以零售价卖出。
• Such shoes usually wholesale for much less.这种鞋批发出售通常要便宜得多。

10 overdrafts   

透支，透支额( overdraft的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Can the Direct Deposit Advance Service be used to prevent overdrafts? 直接存款预支服务可用来防止透支？
• Debt represents bank loans and overdrafts less cash and deposits with banks. 债项指银行贷款及透支减现金及银行存款。

11 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

12 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

13 junta   

n.团体；政务审议会

参考例句：

• The junta reacted violently to the perceived threat to its authority.军政府感到自身权力受威胁而进行了激烈反击。
• A military junta took control of the country.一个军政权控制了国家。

14 coups   

n.意外而成功的行动( coup的名词复数 )；政变；努力办到难办的事

参考例句：

• China has seen many political coups within the ruling class. 中国统治阶级内部发生过很多政变。 来自互联网
• Thailand has had eighteen coups or coup attendance since nineteen thirty-two. 泰国1932年以来有18次政变或参加政变。 来自互联网

15 withdrawn   

vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出

参考例句：

• Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
• All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。

16 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

17 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。