2022年经济学人 印度信实工业的未来（1）

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Schumpeter: Self-Reliance

熊彼特:自力更生

The future of its biggest company is important for India itself.

印度最大公司的未来对印度本身很重要。

India Inc’s business calendar has only one contender to rival Berkshire Hathaway’s famous shareholder¹ gathering².

印度企业的商业日历上只有一个竞争者可以与伯克希尔哈撒韦著名的股东大会相匹敌。

The subcontinent’s equivalent of that “Woodstock for capitalists” is the annual general meeting of Reliance Industries.

信实工业的年度股东大会相当于印度次大陆上“资本家的伍德斯托克音乐节”。

The company’s founder³, Dhirubhai Ambani, an upstart entrepreneur from Gujarat, was also an outsider with a nose for opportunities.

该公司的创始人迪鲁拜·安巴尼是一位来自古吉拉特邦的新贵企业家，也是一个善于寻找机会的门外汉。

He built India’s largest company from a humble⁴ trading and textiles firm into a vast conglomerate⁵.

他将印度最大的公司从一家不起眼的贸易和纺织品公司打造成了一家大型联合企业。

It has continued to expand after his death under the leadership of his son Mukesh Ambani and today encompasses⁶ petrochemicals, refining, telecoms, a shopping app and retail⁷ stores—among other things.

在他的儿子穆克什·安巴尼的领导下，该公司在他去世后继续扩张，如今涵盖了石油化工、炼油、电信、购物应用软件和零售店等领域。

The importance of the resulting entity⁸ to India is impossible to overstate.

由此产生的实体对印度的重要性怎么强调都不为过。

With a market value of $206bn, the firm’s revenues are the equivalent of 3% of the country’s GDP.

该公司的市值为2060亿美元，其收入相当于印度国内生产总值的3%。

Among India’s largest 500 public companies, it is responsible for 6% of sales and profits, 7% of total capitalisation and a staggering 18% of capital investment.

在印度最大的500家上市公司中，它贡献了6%的销售额和利润，7%的总资本和惊人的18%的资本投资。

Jio, the telecoms division, provides service to 410m Indians, and is the latest in a series of massive, stomach-churning capital-intensive bets that have paid off over the years.

旗下的电信公司Jio为4.1亿印度人提供服务，是多年来一系列大规模、令人反胃的资本密集型投资中，获得回报的最新一笔投资。

The retail operations are by far the largest in India, encompassing⁹ 15,000 shops.

到目前为止，该公司旗下的零售公司是印度最大的公司，涵盖了1.5万家商店。

Its refinery¹⁰ and petrochemicals operation in the north-west of the country is among the biggest in the world.

该公司在印度西北部的炼油和石油化工子公司是世界上最大的公司之一。

In short, any change at Reliance affects India as a whole—and it appears that change may well be on the way.

简而言之，信实的任何变化都会影响整个印度--而且看起来很可能正要发生变化。

The rumour¹¹ mill has been abuzz because this year the annual meeting, usually held in June or July in Mumbai, has yet to be scheduled.

谣言四起是因为，年度会议通常在6月或7月于孟买举行，而今年的年度会议却还没有定下来。

Mr Ambani seems to have largely withdrawn¹² from public appearances.

安巴尼似乎已基本上不再公开露面。

The company says he is spending time in Jamnagar, the site of the company’s massive oil refinery.

公司表示，他正在公司的大型炼油厂所在地贾姆讷格尔县度过一段时间。

India’s gossipy business world, where no figure receives more attention, is alight with talk that he may be suffering from health problems.

在印度八卦的商界，没有人比他更受关注，到处都是他的健康可能出了问题的传言。

The company says he is well and continues to attend public functions within the restrictions¹³ of a pandemic.

公司称他很好，仍继续在遵守疫情限制规定的情况下参加公共活动。

On June 28th the company said that Mr Ambani would step aside from the chairmanship of Jio Infocomm, a subsidiary of the telecoms arm, in favour of his 30-year-old son, Akash.

6月28日，公司称安巴尼将辞去电信子公司Jio Infocomm的董事长职务，让位给他30岁的儿子阿卡什。

The next day reports emerged that Akash’s twin sister, Isha, would soon head Reliance’s retail operations.

第二天有报道称，阿卡什的双胞胎妹妹伊莎很快将领导信实旗下的零售公司。

And on July 3rd the Hindu Business Line, a newspaper, said that Mr Ambani’s wife, Nita, already a director of Reliance, was favoured by some on the board to become a vice-chairman of the company.

7月3日，《印度商业线报》称，安巴尼的妻子妮塔已经是信实的董事，董事会中的一些人支持她成为该公司的副董事长。

Another son, Anant, is also said to be positioned to take over running part of its energy operations.

他们的另一个儿子阿南特据说也将接管该公司旗下的部分能源公司。

1 shareholder   

n.股东，股票持有人

参考例句：

• The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
• A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

2 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

3 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

4 humble   

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

• In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
• Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

5 conglomerate   

n.综合商社，多元化集团公司

参考例句：

• The firm has been taken over by an American conglomerate.该公司已被美国一企业集团接管。
• An American conglomerate holds a major share in the company.一家美国的大联合企业持有该公司的大部分股份。

6 encompasses   

v.围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 )；包围；包含；包括

参考例句：

• The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. 这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。
• Its conservation law encompasses both its magnitude and its direction. 它的守恒定律包括大小和方向两方面。 来自辞典例句

7 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。

8 entity   

n.实体，独立存在体，实际存在物

参考例句：

• The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
• As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体，公司必须纳税。

9 encompassing   

v.围绕( encompass的现在分词 )；包围；包含；包括

参考例句：

• Being too large and all-encompassing is a common defect among state-owned enterprises. 过分追求大而全，是国企的一大通病。 来自互联网
• Our services are: all-encompassing, love justice and high quality. 我们的服务目标是：全方位、真情义、高质量。 来自互联网

10 refinery   

n.精炼厂，提炼厂

参考例句：

• They built a sugar refinery.他们建起了一座榨糖厂。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

11 rumour   

n.谣言，谣传，传闻

参考例句：

• I should like to know who put that rumour about.我想知道是谁散布了那谣言。
• There has been a rumour mill on him for years.几年来，一直有谣言产生，对他进行中伤。

12 withdrawn   

vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出

参考例句：

• Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
• All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。

13 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制