纪录片《恐龙的战争》 繁衍生息（8）

Sauroposeidon is an herbivore.

波塞东龙是食草动物。

The evolutionary¹ strategy for this giant is to lay hundreds of eggs in the hope that maybe just one or two survive to adulthood².

这种巨型生物的进化策略，就是产几百个蛋希望有一或两个蛋可以存活至成年时期。

To build eggs and embryos³, they must consume thousands of calories of vegetation.

为了长出蛋和胚胎它们得消耗来自植物的数千卡热量。

Tyrannosaurus Rex is a carnivore.

霸王龙是肉食动物。

To produce eggs, it also needs nutrients⁴...calcium⁵ and protein.

为了产卵，它也需要营养也就是钙和蛋白质。

But this female doesn't get calcium from munching⁶ on plants.

但是雌霸王龙不是吃植物来获取钙元素。

She gets it by crunching⁷ bone...the bones of plant eaters.

而是靠吃骨头食草动物的骨头。

Tyrannosaur could process a lot more of its prey⁸ and be able to digest more.

霸王龙可以吃掉猎物的很大一部分并能全部消化。

He could get the meat from the marrow⁹, the nutrients from the marrow.

它们会吃掉骨髓吸收骨髓里的营养。

It could even digest some of the bone itself.

它甚至连一些骨头本身也能消化。

And there's proof that T. Rex got its calcium straight from the bones of herbivores.

有证据显示，霸王龙从食草动物的骨骼中直接获取钙元素。

We have T. Rex turds.

我们有雷克斯霸王龙的粪便。

We have coprolites...fossilized feces from Tyrannosaurus...and it shows pulverized¹⁰ bits of plant-eating-dinosaur bone in there.

霸王龙的粪化石，也就是它的排泄物的化石显示有少量的食草恐龙的骨头粉末。

So it munched¹¹ down and crunched¹² the flesh and the organs and the bones and swallowed all of it, and the bones made it out, in digested form, out the other end of the T. Rex.

它们狼吞虎咽地咬碎肌肉各种器官和骨头，并把它们全部吞下，骨头经过消化后从身体的另一端排出体外。

A female Tyrannosaurus Rex needs to store the calcium she's building up.

一头雌性雷克斯霸王龙需要储存她产蛋所需要的钙元素。

And like a Sauroposeidon, she'll store that calcium in her medullary bone.

就像波塞冬龙一样，她会把钙质储存在髓骨上。

Staying strong is imperative¹³ for a female preparing to mate, especially since, compared to a male, she has far fewer chances to get reproduction right.

保持强壮对于准备交配的雌霸王龙来说至关重要，特别是与雄性相比后她们获得繁殖权的机会微乎其微。

Females are born... are born with a set number of eggs within them, so that they have only a set number of...

雌性一出生...一出生就有固定的卵子在体内，所以它们只有一定数量的...

I'd call them "Tickets to eternity¹⁴"...while males produce these by the millions every day. They produce more sperm¹⁵.

我称之为"通往永恒的车票"，而雄性则可以每天产生数以百万计的精子。它们产生更多的精子。

Females only have these few eggs, and they have to invest their time, their resources within their bodies in the development of these eggs.

雌性只有这些为数不多的卵子，并且它们必须把时间和营养投入到这些卵的发育中。

Evolution, has also prepared for this difference between males and females.

进化，也同样准备给了雄性和雌性间的差异。

1 evolutionary   

adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的

参考例句：

• Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
• These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。

2 adulthood   

n.成年，成人期

参考例句：

• Some infantile actions survive into adulthood.某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期。
• Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.如今很少有人能将友谊维持到成年。

3 embryos   

n.晶胚；胚，胚胎( embryo的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Somatic cells of angiosperms enter a regenerative phase and behave like embryos. 被子植物体细胞进入一个生殖阶段，而且其行为象胚。 来自辞典例句
• Evolution can explain why human embryos look like gilled fishes. 进化论能够解释为什么人类的胚胎看起来象除去了内脏的鱼一样。 来自辞典例句

4 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

6 munching   

v.用力咀嚼（某物），大嚼( munch的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He was munching an apple. 他在津津有味地嚼着苹果。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements. 他虽然啃着苹果，但却很留神地监视着她的每一个动作。 来自辞典例句

7 crunching   

v.嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼( crunch的现在分词 )；嘎吱作响；（快速大量地）处理信息；数字捣弄

参考例句：

• The horses were crunching their straw at their manger. 这些马在嘎吱嘎吱地吃槽里的草。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The dog was crunching a bone. 狗正嘎吱嘎吱地嚼骨头。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

9 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。

10 pulverized   

adj.[医]雾化的，粉末状的v.将…弄碎( pulverize的过去式和过去分词 )；将…弄成粉末或尘埃；摧毁；粉碎

参考例句：

• We pulverized the opposition. 我们彻底击败了对手。
• He pulverized the opposition with the force of his oratory. 他能言善辩把对方驳得体无完肤。 来自辞典例句

11 munched   

v.用力咀嚼（某物），大嚼( munch的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She munched on an apple. 她在大口啃苹果。
• The rabbit munched on the fresh carrots. 兔子咯吱咯吱地嚼着新鲜胡萝卜。 来自辞典例句

12 crunched   

v.嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼( crunch的过去式和过去分词 )；嘎吱作响；（快速大量地）处理信息；数字捣弄

参考例句：

• Our feet crunched on the frozen snow. 我们的脚嘎吱嘎吱地踩在冻雪上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He closed his jaws on the bones and crunched. 他咬紧骨头，使劲地嚼。 来自英汉文学 - 热爱生命

13 imperative   

n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的

参考例句：

• He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
• The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。

14 eternity   

n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷

参考例句：

• The dull play seemed to last an eternity.这场乏味的剧似乎演个没完没了。
• Finally,Ying Tai and Shan Bo could be together for all of eternity.英台和山伯终能双宿双飞，永世相随。

15 sperm   

n.精子，精液

参考例句：

• Only one sperm fertilises an egg.只有一个精子使卵子受精。
• In human reproduction,one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm.在人体生殖过程中，一个精子使一个卵子受精。