纽约时报 政府停摆 美国经济开始震荡(1)

Impacts Starting to Leave a Mark on the Economy

政府停摆 美国经济开始震荡

By Jim Tankersley, Matthew Goldstein and Glenn Thrush

文/吉姆·坦克斯利，马修·戈德斯坦和格伦·斯拉什

The impact of a partial government shutdown began to ripple¹ across the economy as it stretched into Day 17,

随着政府部分部门停摆进入第17天，停摆的影响已经开始在美国的整个经济体系中荡漾开来：

with mortgage applications delayed,

抵押贷款申请延迟，

public companies unable to get approval to raise capital

上市公司拿不到融资批准，

and thousands of Secret Service agents expected to show up for work without pay.

数千名特勤局特工预计将在拿不到薪水的情况下继续工作。

President Trump² and congressional Democrats³ have made little progress in negotiations⁴

然而，特到目前为止，朗普总统和国会民主党人

to end a shutdown that has affected⁵ about 800,000 federal workers,

就结束已经影响了80万联邦工作人员的政府停摆一事进行的谈判几乎还没有取得任何进展，

many of whom will miss their first paycheck this week,

因而这些工作人员中有很多人这周都将与他们2019年的第一份薪水擦肩而过，

and who owe a combined $249 million in monthly mortgage payments,

尽管他们身上还负担着每月共计2.49亿美元的抵押贷款，

according to the online real estate firm Zillow.

据在线房地产公司Zillow透露。

The shutdown shows no sign of ending soon

目前还没有这次停摆即将结束的迹象，

with Mr. Trump announcing Monday that he would address the nation on Tuesday evening from the Oval Office

特朗普周一宣布，他将于周二晚上在总统办公室对全国人民发表讲话，

to discuss what he called the crisis at the southern border,

讨论他所谓的南部边境危机，

and the White House saying that he would travel to the border this week

白宫也表示他将于本周亲自前往南部边境，

as part of his effort to persuade Americans of the need for a wall —

继续努力劝说美国人接受他们需要一堵边境墙这一点---

the sticking point in negotiations with Democrats.

这个问题恰好也是总统与民主党谈判的症结所在。

The standoff is beginning to inflict⁶ pain on Americans,

双方的这一僵局已经开始给美国人带来痛苦了，

whose lives are affected, in one way or another, by the federal government.

美国人民的生活已经或多或少受到了联邦政府的影响。

It is already the second-longest shutdown in history,

目前，政府的这次停摆已经是历史上持续时间第二长的一次停摆了，

behind the one that started in December 1995 and lasted 21 days.

最长的一次是从1995年12月开始持续了21天的那次。

On Monday, the Trump administration moved to soften⁷ some of the blow — and prevent taxpayer⁸ outrage⁹ —

周一，特朗普政府已经行动起来，在违背之前的政策的情况下，指挥国税局在政府关门期间发放退税，

by directing the Internal Revenue Service to issue tax refunds¹⁰ during the shutdown, reversing previous policy.

从而减轻停摆带来的影响——同时避免纳税人变得愤怒。

While the decision will allow taxpayers¹¹ to get their money,

尽管这个决定能让纳税人拿到他们的钱，

the I.R.S. workers being called back from furlough to process those refunds will not be paid until the shutdown ends.

被从休假中召回来处理这些退款的国税局工作人员却要一直在拿不到工资的情况下继续工作，直到政府重新开始运转。

The effects of a prolonged shutdown have some Wall Street economists¹² predicting a hit to the United States economy.

政府长期停摆带来的诸多影响使得华尔街的一些经济学家预测整个美国经济都将受到这次停摆的震荡。

Bank of America Merrill Lynch economists said Monday

美银美林集团的经济学家们周一表示，

that it had pushed them to downgrade their estimates for economic growth at the end of 2018 by a 10th of a percent.

这次停摆让他们将2018年年底的经济增长预期下调了0.1个百分点。

The ramifications¹³ of a prolonged shutdown are beginning to unnerve those both inside and outside the federal government.

政府长期停摆带来的这些后果已经开始让联邦政府里里外外的人都感到坐立不安了。

Some private companies and charities that serve public employees are searching for ways to cushion the impact.

一些为公职人员提供服务的私营企业和慈善机构已经开始想办法缓解这种影响了。

The effects extend from the president’s inner circle, to Wall Street to farm country.

而从总统的核心圈子，到华尔街，再到农村地区，整个美国无不受到了这次停摆的影响。

Virtually every employee with the Secret Service involved in investigations¹⁴, security and the protective division,

特勤局负责调查，安全和保护工作的几乎每一个员工，

which protects Mr. Trump and dozens of other current and former government officials and their families,

保护特朗普和其他数十名现任和前任政府官员及其家人的正是他们，

is required to work during the shutdown.

都被要求在政府停摆期间继续工作。

And 6,000 of the organization’s roughly 7,000 employees will not be paid.

该组织上上下下7000左右的员工中将有6000人都拿不到工资。

1 ripple   

n.涟波，涟漪，波纹，粗钢梳；vt.使...起涟漪，使起波纹； vi.呈波浪状，起伏前进

参考例句：

• The pebble made a ripple on the surface of the lake.石子在湖面上激起一个涟漪。
• The small ripple split upon the beach.小小的涟漪卷来，碎在沙滩上。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

5 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

6 inflict   

vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担

参考例句：

• Don't inflict your ideas on me.不要把你的想法强加于我。
• Don't inflict damage on any person.不要伤害任何人。

7 soften   

v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和

参考例句：

• Plastics will soften when exposed to heat.塑料适当加热就可以软化。
• This special cream will help to soften up our skin.这种特殊的护肤霜有助于使皮肤变得柔软。

8 taxpayer   

n.纳税人

参考例句：

• The new scheme will run off with a lot of the taxpayer's money.这项新计划将用去纳税人许多钱。
• The taxpayer are unfavourably disposed towards the recent tax increase.纳税者对最近的增加税收十分反感。

9 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

10 refunds   

n.归还，偿还额，退款( refund的名词复数 )v.归还，退还( refund的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Tomorrow he would return them to the store and claim refunds. 明天他要把它们退还给商店并要求退款。 来自辞典例句
• The new method means that taxpayers get refunds much faster. 这种新办法意味着纳税人可以较快地领到退还款。 来自辞典例句

11 taxpayers   

纳税人，纳税的机构( taxpayer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Finance for education comes from taxpayers. 教育经费来自纳税人。
• She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money. 她慷慨陈词猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费。

12 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 ramifications   

n.结果，后果( ramification的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
• What are the ramifications of our decision to join the union? 我们决定加入工会会引起哪些后果呢？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。