纽约时报 基因编辑婴儿风波后续 贺建奎前导师遭调查(2)

None of the notes suggest Dr. Quake was involved in the work himself.

这些信件并不能说明奎克亲自参与了这项实验。

They do contain expressions of polite encouragement like “good luck!”

邮件确实包含了“祝你好运”这种礼貌性的鼓励。

Though Dr. Quake said he urged Dr. He not to pursue the project during an August 2016 meeting,

尽管奎克表示他曾在2016年8月的一次会议期间敦促对方不要继续这个项目了，

the emails, mostly sent in 2017 and 2018, don’t tell him to stop.

但他展示的这些邮件，大部分都是2017年至2018年间发送的，并没有提到这一点。

As global institutions like the World Health Organization work to create a system

世界卫生组织等国际机构致力于构建一个体系，

to keep cowboy scientists from charging into the Wild West of embryo¹ editing,

预防那些莽撞的科学家擅闯胚胎编辑这个“西大荒”，

Dr. Quake’s interactions with Dr. He reflect issues that leading scientific institutions are now grappling with.

奎克与贺建奎的往来也反映了领先的科研机构目前正在努力解决的一些问题。

When and where should scientists report controversial research ideas that colleagues share with them in confidence?

比如，同事私下和他们分享具有争议的研究想法时，科学家们应该何时上报，以及向哪里上报？

Have scientists acted inappropriately if they provide conventional research advice to someone conducting an unorthodox experiment?

再比如，科学家们向正在开展非正统实验者提供常规性的研究建议是否有失妥当？

“A lot of people wish that those who knew or suspected would have made more noise,”

“很多人都希望那些知情或有过怀疑的人当时能把动静闹大一些，”

said R. Alta Charo, a bioethicist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who co-led a 2017 national committee on human embryo editing.

威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校的生物伦理学家，2017年全国人类胚胎编辑委员会领导人之一R·奥塔·查洛说到。

But she said scientists were not necessarily complicit if instead of trying to stop rogue² experimenters,

但她也表示，如果科学家没有试图阻止那些实验者胡来，

they advised them to follow ethical³ and research standards in hopes that institutions would intervene.

而是抱着有关方面能够出手干预的心态，只给出了让对方遵循伦理标准和研究标准的建议，他们便不见得就是同谋。

Rice University has been investigating Michael Deem, Dr. He’s Ph.D. adviser⁴,

莱斯大学一直在调查贺建奎的博士生导师迈克尔·蒂姆，

because of allegations that he was actively⁵ involved in the project;

因为有人指控他曾积极参与这一项目；

he had said publicly that he had been present during parts of it.

而且，他自己也曾公开表示实验的部分环节有他在场。

Dr. Deem’s lawyers issued a statement strongly denying the allegations.

蒂姆博士的律师发表声明强烈否认这些指控。

The correspondence Dr. Quake shared provides new details about Dr. He’s project, also called germline editing,

奎克博士展示的那些信件提供了贺建奎博士的项目，项目又名“生殖编辑”，的一些新细节，

including indications that the twin girls were quite premature⁶ and remained hospitalized for several weeks.

包括双胞胎女婴严重早产，出生后要留院数周等征兆。

They were born in October, contrary to previous reports.

而且，他们的出生时间是十月份，并不是之前报道里所说的时间。

Dr. Quake is an entrepreneur whose inventions include blood tests to detect Down syndrome⁷ in pregnancy⁸ and to avoid organ transplant rejection⁹.

奎克是一名企业家，其发明包括用于检测妊娠期唐氏综合症以及避免器官移植排异的血液检测。

He is co-president of an institute funded by the Facebook founder¹⁰ Mark Zuckerberg and his wife, Dr. Priscilla Chan.

他还是Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格和妻子普莉希拉·陈博士资助的一个研究所的联席所长。

He does not do gene¹¹ editing and said he was surprised

他并不是基因编辑行业的人，还说

when Dr. He told him during a 2016 visit to Stanford that he wanted to be the first to create gene-edited babies.

贺建奎2016年访问斯坦福期间告诉自己他想成为创造基因编辑婴儿的第一人时，他是很惊讶的。

“I said, ‘That’s a terrible idea. Why would you want to do that?’” Dr. Quake recalled.

“我当时的回答是，‘这个想法很不好。你为什么想做这个呢？’”奎克回忆说。

“He kind of pushed back and it was clear that he wasn’t listening to me.”

“他有点反驳的意思，很显然，我的话他并没有听进去。”

Dr. Quake changed tack¹².

于是奎克改变了策略。

“I said, ‘All right, if you’re not going to be convinced that I think this is a bad idea and you want to go down this path,

“我又说，‘好吧，既然我认为这是个坏主意，你又不相信，还是想沿着这条路走下去，

then you need to do it properly and with proper respect for the people who are involved, and the field.’”

那你就要按规矩来，要充分尊重此事涉及的所有人，充分尊重这个领域。’”

1 embryo   

n.胚胎，萌芽的事物

参考例句：

• They are engaging in an embryo research.他们正在进行一项胚胎研究。
• The project was barely in embryo.该计划只是个雏形。

2 rogue   

n.流氓；v.游手好闲

参考例句：

• The little rogue had his grandpa's glasses on.这淘气鬼带上了他祖父的眼镜。
• They defined him as a rogue.他们确定他为骗子。

3 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

4 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

5 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

6 premature   

adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的

参考例句：

• It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
• The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。

7 syndrome   

n.综合病症；并存特性

参考例句：

• The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
• Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。

8 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

9 rejection   

n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃

参考例句：

• He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
• The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。

10 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

11 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

12 tack   

n.大头钉；假缝，粗缝

参考例句：

• He is hammering a tack into the wall to hang a picture.他正往墙上钉一枚平头钉用来挂画。
• We are going to tack the map on the wall.我们打算把这张地图钉在墙上。