纽约时报 基因编辑婴儿风波后续 贺建奎前导师遭调查(3)

That meant obtaining ethical² approval from the equivalent of American institutional review boards (known as I.R.B.s),

这就意味着要拿到职能相当于美国机构审查委员会(IRB)的中国有关方面的伦理审批，

Dr. Quake advised, as well as getting informed consent from the couples participating

奎克建议称，还要获得参与这项实验的那对夫妇的知情同意，

and only editing genes³ to address a serious medical need.

并且只能是为了解决某个严重的医疗需求才采取编辑基因这一措施。

“I didn’t think it was something he would seriously do,” said Dr. Quake,

“我以为这种事他是不会来真的的，”奎克说，

adding that he assumed if Dr. He sought ethical approval and was rebuffed, “presumably he’d stop.”

接着，他说，他以为要是贺建奎在申请伦理审批的时候吃了闭门羹，“或许他就会就此收手。”

Soon afterward⁵, Dr. He emailed:

没过多久，贺建奎就又发来邮件说：

“I will take your suggestion that we will get a local ethic¹ approve before we move on to the first genetic⁶ edited human baby.

“我接受您的建议，在项目启动前先获得当地的审批。

Please keep it in confidential⁷.”

请保密。”

In June 2017, Dr. He, nicknamed JK, emailed a document saying a hospital ethics⁸ committee had approved his proposal,

2017年6月，外号“JK”的贺建奎给奎克发了份文件，称某医院伦理委员会已经通过了他的方案，

in which he boasted that his plan could be compared to Nobel-winning research.

在那个方案中，他还夸口称自己的项目能够和诺贝尔奖研究想媲美。

“It was good to see that he had engaged with his I.R.B.-equivalent there and had approval to do his research,

“我很高兴看到他联系了中国那边的IRB，拿到开展研究的审批，

and I’m thinking it’s their responsibility to manage this,” Dr. Quake said in the interview.

我认为，管理这个项目是他们的责任，”奎克在接受采访时表示。

“If in my interactions with JK I had any hint of misconduct, I would have handled it completely differently.

“如果我在跟JK联系的过程中觉察到了任何行为不端的迹象，我肯定会做出截然不同的反应。

And I think I would have been very aggressive about telling people about that.”

而且，我觉得，我肯定会非常积极地告诉大家这件事情的。”

As a postdoctoral adviser⁹ to Dr. He and other students, Dr. Quake considered his role to be mentorship.

作为何博士和其他学生的博士后导师，奎克认为自己的职责就是给他们指导。

Dr. He’s work in his lab did not involve gene⁴ editing; it concerned immune responses to the flu vaccine¹⁰.

贺博士在奎克实验室的研究跟基因编辑并没有关系；那时他研究的是免疫系统对流感疫苗的反应。

Dr. He was “bright and ambitious,” Dr. Quake said,

贺博士“性情开朗，很有抱负，”奎克说，

but “he was, I felt, always in too much of a hurry and I, you know, worried that he was a sort that would cut corners a little bit.”

但“我感觉他经常都太急于求成了，我担心他是那种投机取巧的人。”

After leaving for the university job in China in 2012,

2012年离开实验室去中国那所大学任教后，

Dr. He sought Dr. Quake’s help with starting a company based on a genome-sequencing technique Dr. Quake had invented.

贺找过奎克帮忙，因为他想借助奎克研发的基因组测序技术成立一家公司。

Dr. Quake, whose American firm selling that technique had gone bankrupt,

奎克在美国也成立了这样一家公司，只是已经倒闭了，

made introductions that helped Dr. He license¹¹ patents for his company, Direct Genomics.

于是，奎克帮忙引见贺建奎，让他拿到了注册“瀚海基因生物”的相关专利。

Dr. Quake visited in 2015 but eventually declined an offer to serve on the company’s scientific advisory¹² board.

2015年，奎克去该公司参观了一番，但最终拒绝了出任该公司科学顾问委员的邀请。

In Dr. He’s 2017 correspondence, he said he would be editing a gene called CCR5,

在2017年的信件中，贺建奎表示，他将对“CCR5”这一基因进行编辑，

altering a mutation¹³ that allows people to become infected with H.I.V.

改变这种会使人感染HIV病毒的基因突变。

Many scientists have since argued it was medically unnecessary

一直以来，很多科学家都称这么做在医学上并无必要，

because babies of H.I.V.-positive parents can be protected other ways.

因为父母为艾滋病携带者的婴儿可通过其他方式获得保护。

Dr. Quake said he believed there was not scientific consensus¹⁴ about that.

奎克称，他认为，在这一点上，科学界并未达成共识。

1 ethic   

n.道德标准，行为准则

参考例句：

• They instilled the work ethic into their children.他们在孩子们的心中注入了职业道德的理念。
• The connotation of education ethic is rooted in human nature's mobility.教育伦理的内涵根源于人本性的变动性。

2 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

3 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

4 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

5 afterward   

adv.后来；以后

参考例句：

• Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏，然后吃饭。
• Afterward,the boy became a very famous artist.后来，这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。

6 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

7 confidential   

adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的

参考例句：

• He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。
• We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。

8 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

9 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

10 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

11 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

12 advisory   

adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询

参考例句：

• I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
• He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。

13 mutation   

n.变化，变异，转变

参考例句：

• People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
• So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。

14 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？