纽约时报 哥伦比亚命令军队加大打击力度(1)

Colombia Orders Army to Step Up Combat Killings¹

哥伦比亚命令军队加大打击力度

By Nicholas Casey

文/尼古拉斯·凯西

The head of Colombia’s army, frustrated² by the nation’s faltering³ efforts to secure peace,

哥伦比亚军队首领不满于该国保卫和平的努力总是跌跌撞撞，鲜有成效，

has ordered his troops to double the number of criminals and militants⁴ they kill, capture or force to surrender in battle —

便下令他的军队在战斗中加倍杀害、俘虏及强迫罪犯和武装分子投降——

and possibly accept higher civilian⁵ casualties in the process,

在此过程中可能还要接受平民伤亡的加重，

according to written orders and interviews with senior officers.

相关的书面命令和对高级官员的采访显示。

At the start of the year, Colombian generals and colonels were assembled and told to sign a written pledge to step up attacks.

今年年初，哥伦比亚的诸位将军和上校曾被召集到一起，签署一份加大打击力度的书面承诺。

Daily internal presentations now show the number of days that brigades have gone without combat,

每天的内部报告显示出了军队没有参加战斗的天数，

and commanders are berated⁶ when they don’t carry out assaults frequently enough, the officers said.

军官们说，如果指挥官们发动袭击不够频繁就会受到斥责。

One order causing particular worry instructs soldiers not to “demand perfection” in carrying out deadly attacks,

其中有一项命令格外令人不安，该命令指出，哪怕是关于打击目标仍有重大问题没有解决，

even if significant questions remain about the targets they are striking.

士兵在实施致命袭击时也不要“苛求完美”。

Some officers say that order has instructed them to lower their standards for protecting innocent civilians⁷ from getting killed,

一些官员表示，该命令是要他们在保护无辜平民免遭杀害方面降低标准，

and that it has already led to suspicious or unnecessary deaths.

他们还说，该命令已经引发了大量可疑或不必要的死亡人数。

The military tried a similar strategy to defeat Colombia’s rebel and paramilitary groups in the mid-2000s,

2005年前后，在达成一项里程碑式的和平协议，结束数十年的冲突之前，

before a landmark⁸ peace deal was signed to end decades of conflict.

哥伦比亚军方就试图用类似的战略击破哥伦比亚的叛军和准军事组织。

But the tactics caused a national outrage⁹ when it emerged that soldiers,

但当人们发现那些士兵为了达到配额大肆杀害平民或把平民弄失踪后，

aiming to meet their quotas¹⁰, engaged in widespread killings and disappearances¹¹ of civilians.

举国都对这一战术感到愤怒不已。

Now, another incarnation of the policy is being pushed by the new government

如今的哥伦比亚新政府无非是在变着法子推行这项政策，

against the country’s remaining criminal, guerrilla and paramilitary groups,

以打击该国残余的罪犯、游击队和准军事组织，

according to orders reviewed by The New York Times and three senior officers who spoke¹² about them.

据《纽约时报》查阅的相关命令的资料和三名谈及那些命令的高级官员透露。

The new orders have sent a chill down the ranks of the army.

新命令让军队上下的官兵都为之感到不寒而栗。

Colombia’s military remains¹³ under investigation¹⁴ for the series of illegal killings in the mid-2000s, known as “false positives.”

目前，哥伦比亚军方仍在就2005年前后发生的一系列被称为“伪造行动”丑闻的非法杀人事件接受调查。

Soldiers repeatedly killed peasants and claimed they were guerrilla fighters,

在那些事件中，士兵们不断以被杀农民是游击队员的名目杀害他们，

sometimes even dressing¹⁵ them in fatigues¹⁶ and planting weapons near their bodies.

有时甚至还会给他们穿上游击队的衣服，在他们的尸体旁边放上武器。

The tactics stemmed from superiors demanding increased body counts, prosecutors¹⁷ say.

检察官说，他们采取这种策略是因为上级要求他们增加死亡人数。

Two of the officers said in lengthy¹⁸ interviews that Colombian soldiers were under intense pressure yet again —

多次接受长时间采访的两名军官在采访时说到，如今，哥伦比亚士兵再次陷入了巨大的压力——

and that a pattern of suspicious killings and cover-ups had begun to emerge this year.

而且，可疑的谋杀和掩盖行为已经再次抬头。

In a meeting recounted by one of the officers,

一名军官讲述道，有一次会上，

a general ordered commanders to “do anything” to boost their results,

某将军命令指挥官们要“不择手段”提高成果，

even if it meant “allying ourselves” with armed criminal groups to get information on targets, a divide-and-conquer strategy.

即使要与武装犯罪集团“结盟”——一种分而治之的策略——以获取目标信息也在所不惜。

Beyond that, officers said, soldiers who increase their combat kills are being offered incentives¹⁹, like extra vacation,

除此之外，官员们说，提高了自己在战斗中杀死的人数的士兵还会得到奖励，比如额外的假期，

in a pattern they fear is strikingly similar to the unlawful killings of the mid-2000s.

这一模式与2005年前后的非法杀戮惊人地相似，官员们对此纷纷感到忧心忡忡。

1 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

2 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 faltering   

犹豫的，支吾的，蹒跚的

参考例句：

• The economy shows no signs of faltering. 经济没有衰退的迹象。
• I canfeel my legs faltering. 我感到我的腿在颤抖。

4 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

5 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

6 berated   

v.严厉责备，痛斥( berate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Marion berated Joe for the noise he made. 玛丽昂严厉斥责乔吵吵闹闹。 来自辞典例句
• It berated Mussolini for selling out to Berlin. 它严厉谴责了墨索里尼背叛、投靠柏林的行径。 来自辞典例句

7 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

8 landmark   

n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标

参考例句：

• The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
• The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。

9 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

10 quotas   

（正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派

参考例句：

• In fulfilling the production quotas, John made rings round all his fellow workers. 约翰完成生产定额大大超过他的同事们。
• Quotas of the means of production are allocated by the higher administrative bodies to the lower ones. 物资指标按隶属关系分配。

11 disappearances   

n.消失( disappearance的名词复数 )；丢失；失踪；失踪案

参考例句：

• Most disappearances are the result of the terrorist activity. 大多数的失踪案都是恐怖分子造成的。 来自辞典例句
• The espionage, the betrayals, the arrests, the tortures, the executions, the disappearances will never cease. 间谍活动、叛党卖国、逮捕拷打、处决灭迹，这种事情永远不会完。 来自英汉文学

12 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

13 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

14 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

15 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

16 fatigues   

n.疲劳( fatigue的名词复数 )；杂役；厌倦；（士兵穿的）工作服

参考例句：

• The patient fatigues easily. 病人容易疲劳。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Instead of training the men were put on fatigues/fatigue duty. 那些士兵没有接受训练，而是派去做杂务。 来自辞典例句

17 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

18 lengthy   

adj.漫长的，冗长的

参考例句：

• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
• The professor wrote a lengthy book on Napoleon.教授写了一部有关拿破仑的巨著。

19 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法