乔布斯传 第51期:热浪滚滚的时代(2)

 But by the early 1970s a shift was under way.

但到了20世纪70年代初期，人们的想法开始转变。

"Computing¹ went from being dismissed as a tool of bureaucratic² control to being embraced as a symbol of individual expression and liberation,"

“计算机从作为官僚机构的控制工具而被不屑一顾，变成了作为个人表达与自由解放的象征而被欣然接受。”

John Markoff wrote in his study of the counterculture's convergence with the computer industry, What the Dormouse Said.

约翰·马尔科夫在他研究反主流文化群体与计算机产业关系的书《睡鼠说了什么》中这样写道。

It was an ethos lyrically expressed in Richard Brautigan's 1967 poem, "All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace,"

理查德·布劳提根在他 1967年创作的诗《慈爱的机器照看一切》中就描绘过这样的场景，

and the cyberdelic fusion³ was certified⁴ when Timothy Leary declared that

而当蒂莫西·利里宣称个人电脑已经成为了新的迷幻药，

personal computers had become the new LSD and years later revised his famous mantra to proclaim, "Turn on, boot up, jack⁵ in."

并将他那句著名言论改写成“开机，启动,接入”时，电脑致幻便得到了证实。

The musician Bono, who later became a friend of Jobs,

后来成为乔布斯朋友的音乐人波诺当时经常与他讨论，

often discussed with him why those immersed in the rock-drugs-rebel counterculture of the Bay Area ended up helping⁶ to create the personal computer industry.

为什么那些来自湾区的沉溺于摇滚乐和毒品的叛逆反主流文化分子，最终帮助创建了个人电脑产业。

"The people who invented the twenty- first century were pot-smoking,

“那些开创了21世纪的人，都像史蒂夫一样，他们是来自西海岸、吸着大麻、

sandal-wearing hippies from the West Coast like Steve, because they saw differently," he said.

穿着凉鞋的嬉皮士，他们会从不同的角度去看问题。”他说，

"The hierarchical systems of the East Coast, England, Germany, and Japan do not encourage this different thinking.

“东海岸、英格兰、德国以及日本的等级制度不鼓励这种与众不同的思考方式。

The sixties produced an anarchic mind-set that is great for imagining a world not yet in existence."

60年代孕育的这样一种无政府主义的思维模式，恰恰有助于人类对一个尚不存在的世界展开想象。”

One person who encouraged the denizens⁷ of the counterculture to make common cause with the hackers⁸ was Stewart Brand.

有一个人在推动反主流文化人群与黑客的联合中发挥了作用，他就是斯图尔特·布兰德。

A puckish visionary who generated fun and ideas over many decades, Brand was a participant in one of the early sixties LSD studies in Palo Alto.

这个爱开玩笑的梦想家，在数十年间不断制造快乐和创意，参与了60年代初在帕洛奥图的迷幻药研究。

He joined with his fellow subject Ken⁹ Kesey to produce the acid-celebrating Trips Festival,

他与一同接受试验的肯·凯西创办了赞美迷幻药的“旅行节”，

appeared in the opening scene of Tom Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test,

他还出现在汤姆·伍尔夫的《令人振奋的兴奋剂实验》的开头，

and worked with Doug Engelbart to create a seminal¹⁰ sound-and-light presentation of new technologies called the Mother of All Demos.

他与道格·恩格尔巴特合作创造了利用声光演示新技术的方法，并称其为“演示之母” 。

"Most of our generation scorned computers as the embodiment of centralized control," Brand later noted¹¹.

“我们这一代的大多数人都将电脑看做集权控制的化身而蔑视它”，布兰德后来写道，

"But a tiny contingent—-later called hackers--embraced computers and set about transforming them into tools of liberation.

“但有一小部分人--也就是后来被称做黑客的人--欣然接受了电脑并开始将它们转变成解放的工具。

That turned out to be the true royal road to the future."

这一举动后来被证明是通向未来的正确道路。”

重点讲解：

1.under way 在进行中；正在进行之中；正在进行中

例句：He said he believed attempts were under way for a general expulsion of Christians¹².

他说他相信，全面驱逐基督徒的尝试正在进行。

2.boot up 开机；开机后；起动

例句：It should boot up into the newly installed system and allow you to log in .

它将启动新安装的系统，接着让您登录。

3.immerse in 沉浸在；沉浸与；专心于

例句：This city had a greater half to sleep, sinking to immerse in the tender feelings of night.

这城市有一大半睡了，沉浸在夜的柔情里。

4.make common cause 联合起来

例句：Europe's armies had first to learn from their own failures and their rulers had to make common cause.

欧洲军队必须从自己的失败中汲取教训，而统治者则需要联合起来。

5.set about 动手；开始；下手；着手

例句：Then, just when he thought they might not know everything, they set about shaping a snowman on the crest¹³ of the hill.

正当他想这些孩子不可能什么都懂吧，却见他们开始在山顶堆起雪人来了。

1 computing   

n.计算

参考例句：

• to work in computing 从事信息处理
• Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代（约1980年），他们就创办了软件公司。

2 bureaucratic   

adj.官僚的，繁文缛节的

参考例句：

• The sweat of labour washed away his bureaucratic airs.劳动的汗水冲掉了他身上的官气。
• In this company you have to go through complex bureaucratic procedures just to get a new pencil.在这个公司里即使是领一支新铅笔，也必须通过繁琐的手续。

3 fusion   

n.溶化；熔解；熔化状态，熔和；熔接

参考例句：

• Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc. 黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。
• This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal.这种合金是用两种金属熔合而成的。

4 certified   

a.经证明合格的；具有证明文件的

参考例句：

• Doctors certified him as insane. 医生证明他精神失常。
• The planes were certified airworthy. 飞机被证明适于航行。

5 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

6 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

7 denizens   

n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• polar bears, denizens of the frozen north 北极熊，在冰天雪地的北方生活的动物
• At length these denizens of the swamps disappeared in their turn. 到了后来，连这些沼泽国的居民们也不见了。 来自辞典例句

8 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

9 ken   

n.视野，知识领域

参考例句：

• Such things are beyond my ken.我可不懂这些事。
• Abstract words are beyond the ken of children.抽象的言辞超出小孩所理解的范围.

10 seminal   

adj.影响深远的；种子的

参考例句：

• The reforms have been a seminal event in the history of the NHS.这些改革已成为英国国民保健制度史上影响深远的一件大事。
• The emperor's importance as a seminal figure of history won't be diminished.做为一个开创性历史人物的重要性是不会减弱的。

11 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

12 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

13 crest   

n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖

参考例句：

• The rooster bristled his crest.公鸡竖起了鸡冠。
• He reached the crest of the hill before dawn.他于黎明前到达山顶。