时代周刊 西方国家在解决罗兴亚危机中扮演了何等角色?(1)

The West’s role in fixing the Rohingya crisis

西方国家在解决罗兴亚危机中扮演了何等角色?

By Bill Richardson

文/比尔·理查森

There is something rotten in Myanmar.

缅甸有东西腐烂了。

About 700,000 Rohingya, a Muslim minority, have fled the nation’s coastal¹ state of Rakhine to Bangladesh, in order to escape the military.

近70万名罗兴亚人，一个穆斯林少数族群，逃离该国沿海邦国若开邦，前往孟加拉国，以逃离军队的镇压。

At least 6,700 Rohingya were killed in one month alone, estimates Doctors Without Borders.

据无国界医生们估计，仅一个月时间，就有至少6700名罗兴亚人被害。

U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson has called it an ethnic² cleansing³; others suspect even worse.

美国国务卿雷克斯·蒂勒森称缅甸军方的行动实为种族清洗;其他人怀疑问题的严重程度还不止于此。

While Myanmar’s de facto leader, Aung San SuuKyi, does not have control of the military,

缅甸的实际领导人昂山素季并无统领军队之权，

she has failed to show moral leadership and a willingness to listen to frank advice.

但她既没有展示出道德领导能力，也没有表现出愿意倾听坦率建议的意愿。

What, then, can the West do?

既然如此，西方国家能做什么？

The space to help Myanmar correct course is narrow and shrinking, although a few imperfect options exist.

帮助缅甸走上正轨的空间本就不大，如今还在继续缩小，尽管的确存在一些不尽如人意的选择。

The international community will need to strike a balance between punishing Myanmar—however symbolically—and convincing the nation of its genuine desire to help.

国际社会需要在惩罚缅甸 —— 无论惩罚地多么表面 —— 与说服缅甸相信国际社会衷心愿意帮助他们两者之间取得平衡。

At a minimum,Western governments should impose targeted sanctions against military officials for human-rights abuses.

最低限度，西方国家的政府将制裁那些侵犯人权的缅甸军官。

(Broad-based economic sanctions are blunt tools that should be used only as a last resort.)

（全面经济制裁这种直接工具不到万不得已不可随便实行。）

Meanwhile, donor⁴ governments and humanitarian⁵ agencies should withhold⁶ both political and financial support to the hastily planned repatriation⁷ process for refugees in Bangladesh—

与此同时，在对匆忙制定的遣返孟加拉国难民的计划予以政治和资金支持时，西方政府和人道主义组织应该有所保留 -

unless Myanmar can ensure that returns are safe, voluntary, dignified⁸ and sustainable.

除非缅甸能够确保他们的支持能得到安全、自愿、体面且可持续的回报。

Less scrupulous⁹ donors¹⁰ may undercut such an approach,

顾虑不那么多的捐助者可能会削弱这种做法，

but that is insufficient¹¹ justification¹² for propping¹³ up the structures that fostered the current crisis.

但光凭这一点就支持酿成今日危机的各大祸根也难以服人。

Pulling out completely, however, would be counterproductive.

然而，完全撤出支援又会适得其反。

Myanmar would retrench¹⁴ further and toward neighbors like China,

因为那样一来缅甸就会进一步向中国等周边国家撤退，

which are keen for influence but whose approaches in Rakhine could spark further violence.

这些国家都巴不得能壮大自己的势力，然而，他们对若开邦一事的处理方式可能引发更多暴力。

Efforts to document what has occurred may provide opportunities to hold perpetrators accountable or help facilitate future reconciliation¹⁵,

追踪事件前因后果的辛勤努力或许能为追究此事的罪魁祸首提供一些线索，或者为促成缅甸军方和罗兴亚人未来的和解创造一些机会，

and the West should encourage a joint¹⁶ investigation¹⁷ with Myanmar into human-rights abuses and the mass graves discovered in Rakhine.

西方国家应该鼓励与缅甸进行联合调查，深入调查人权侵犯问题和在若开邦发现的乱葬坑问题。

1 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

2 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

3 cleansing   

n. 净化(垃圾) adj. 清洁用的 动词cleanse的现在分词

参考例句：

• medicated cleansing pads for sensitive skin 敏感皮肤药物清洗棉
• Soap is not the only cleansing agent. 肥皂并不是唯一的清洁剂。

4 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

5 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

6 withhold   

v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡

参考例句：

• It was unscrupulous of their lawyer to withhold evidence.他们的律师隐瞒证据是不道德的。
• I couldn't withhold giving some loose to my indignation.我忍不住要发泄一点我的愤怒。

7 repatriation   

n.遣送回国，归国

参考例句：

• The Volrep programme is the preferred means of repatriation. 政府认为自愿遣返计划的遣返方法较为可取。 来自互联网
• Arrange the cargo claiming and maritime affairs,crews repatriation,medical treatment,traveling so on. （六）洽办货物理赔，船舶海事处理，办理船员遣返，就医，旅游等。 来自互联网

8 dignified   

a.可敬的，高贵的

参考例句：

• Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中，他始终沉默以保持尊严。
• He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。

9 scrupulous   

adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的

参考例句：

• She is scrupulous to a degree.她非常谨慎。
• Poets are not so scrupulous as you are.诗人并不像你那样顾虑多。

10 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

12 justification   

n.正当的理由；辩解的理由

参考例句：

• There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
• In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。

13 propping   

支撑

参考例句：

• You can usually find Jack propping up the bar at his local. 你常常可以看见杰克频繁出没于他居住的那家酒店。
• The government was accused of propping up declining industries. 政府被指责支持日益衰败的产业。

14 retrench   

v.节省，削减

参考例句：

• Shortly afterwards,cuts in defence spending forced the aerospace industry to retrench.不久之后，国防开支的削减迫使航空航天业紧缩开支。
• Inflation has forced us to retrench.因通货膨胀我们不得不紧缩开支。

15 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

16 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

17 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。