世界名人简介 第77期:教皇本笃十六世

 Pope Benedict XVI is the 265th Pope, also known as the Bishop¹ of Rome and Sovereign of the Vatican. He is the spiritual head of the Roman Catholic Church. He was elected Pope in 2005 and succeeded John Paul II. Benedict is a prolific² author and has written dozens of books on religion. He believes consumerism is the biggest threat to our world.

教皇本笃十六世是第265任教宗，他也被称之为罗马和梵蒂冈大主教。本笃十六世是罗马天主教的精神领袖。2005年，他接替若望·保禄二世成功当选新任教皇。本笃是一位多产作家，他出版了数十本宗教书籍。他深信消费主义是全球最大威胁。

Benedict was born as Joseph Ratzinger in Bavaria, Germany, in 1927. He was very interested in the Church from a young age. When he was five, he wanted to be a cardinal³. World War II saw him drafted into the army, but an illness meant he didn’t fight. When the war finished, he went into training to become a priest.

1927年，本笃出生在德国巴伐利亚，本名若瑟·拉青格。他从小就对宗教产生了浓厚兴趣。5岁时，他的愿望是成为一名红衣主教。他曾在二战时期入伍，但因疾病而为能参加战斗。二战结束后，他开始接受牧师培训。

Ratzinger became a professor of theology at the University of Bonn in 1959. He was a highly respected scholar on Vatican matters. He wrote in his 1968 book ‘Introduction to Christianity’ that Rome had too much control of the Church. In 1977, he was appointed a cardinal, fulfilling his boyhood wish. He was very influential⁴ in the Vatican and was close to John Paul II.

1959年，本笃成为了波恩大学神学教授。他是天主教问题的知名学者。1968年，著作《基督宗教导论》出版，里面讲述了罗马对教会的强大控制。1977年，儿时梦想实现，他被任命为红衣主教。他在天主教廷极具影响力，并与若望·保禄二世难分伯仲。

Ratzinger had hoped not to be elected as Pope, preferring instead to quietly retire. He joked that God hadn't listened to his prayers. In his time as Pope, he has stuck to the traditional values of Biblical teaching and has modernized⁵ the Church. He has reached out to other faiths and apologized for child sex abuse cases committed by priests.

本笃不希望当选教宗，并希望就此退休。他开玩笑说上帝没有实现他的愿望。任职期间，他坚守传统的圣经教义，并让天主教走上了现代化发展。他的工作还涉及了许多其它宗教，并对天主教牧师性侵儿童一事道歉。

1.draft into 征召…入

例句：He was drafted into the navy.

他应征参加海军。

2.listen to 听从

例句：We should listen closely to the outspoken⁶ criticisms.

我们应该仔细倾听直言不讳的批评。

3.stick to 遵守

例句：There are interesting hikes inland, but most ramblers stick to the clifftops.

内陆地区有一些很有意思的徒步远足路线，但多数徒步者都去爬悬崖陡壁。

4.sex abuse 性侵

例句：The Vatican says bishops⁷ and other high-level clergy⁸ should report clerical sex abuse to police.

罗马教廷称主教和其他 高层 神职人员应当向警方坦白其性侵行为.

1 bishop   

n.主教，（国际象棋）象

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• Two years after his death the bishop was canonised.主教逝世两年后被正式封为圣者。

2 prolific   

adj.丰富的，大量的；多产的，富有创造力的

参考例句：

• She is a prolific writer of novels and short stories.她是一位多产的作家，写了很多小说和短篇故事。
• The last few pages of the document are prolific of mistakes.这个文件的最后几页错误很多。

3 cardinal   

n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的

参考例句：

• This is a matter of cardinal significance.这是非常重要的事。
• The Cardinal coloured with vexation. 红衣主教感到恼火，脸涨得通红。

4 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

5 modernized   

使现代化，使适应现代需要( modernize的过去式和过去分词 )； 现代化，使用现代方法

参考例句：

• By 1985 the entire railway network will have been modernized. 等到1985年整个铁路网就实现现代化了。
• He set about rebuilding France, and made it into a brilliant-looking modernized imperialism. 他试图重建法国，使它成为一项表面华丽的现代化帝业。

6 outspoken   

adj.直言无讳的，坦率的，坦白无隐的

参考例句：

• He was outspoken in his criticism.他在批评中直言不讳。
• She is an outspoken critic of the school system in this city.她是这座城市里学校制度的坦率的批评者。

7 bishops   

（基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象

参考例句：

• Each player has two bishops at the start of the game. 棋赛开始时，每名棋手有两只象。
• "Only sheriffs and bishops and rich people and kings, and such like. “他劫富济贫，抢的都是郡长、主教、国王之类的富人。

8 clergy   

n.[总称]牧师，神职人员

参考例句：

• I could heartily wish that more of our country clergy would follow this example.我衷心希望，我国有更多的牧师效法这个榜样。
• All the local clergy attended the ceremony.当地所有的牧师出席了仪式。