世界名人简介 第101期:马丁·路德·金

 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was the most important leader of the American civil rights movement. He helped unite a nation with his powerful speeches and use of non-violent protests. His 1963 “I Have a Dream” speech is one of the greatest in human history. King’s efforts to end racial discrimination earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

马丁·路德·金是美国著名人权运动领袖。通过“非暴力”抗议，慷慨激昂的演讲，国家内部得以团结。1963年，马丁发表《我有一个梦想》演讲，这也是人类史上最伟大的演讲之一。因对反种族歧视作出卓越贡献，1964年授予马丁诺贝尔和平奖。

King was born in 1929 in Atlanta. His father was a reverend and so King had a religious upbringing. He graduated from college with a degree and a Ph.D. in religious studies. King went to India to visit Gandhi’s family. He was inspired by Mohandas Gandhi's success with non-violent resistance and saw it as a “potent weapon” in America’s struggle for civil rights.

1929年，马丁出生于亚特兰大。父亲是一名牧师，马丁从小受宗教熏陶。他曾获得神学博士学位。马丁曾前往印度拜访甘地。并受到甘地“非暴力”抗议启发，对于马丁来说，“非暴力”抗议将成为争取民权的“有力武器”。

King was instrumental in achieving many successes in ending segregation¹ laws. He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott² which ended racial segregation on public buses in Montgomery. He realized that non-violent protest would attract extensive media coverage³ of the struggle for racial equality. His campaigns soon elevated the Civil Rights Movement to be the most important issue in American politics.

在废除种族隔离法案上，马丁起到了推动作用。他发起蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，“蒙市”巴士的种族隔离制度得以废除。马丁意识到，“非暴力”抗议能够吸引媒体对种族平等的报道。不久，美国民权运动也成为了美国政坛的最重要话题。

King helped organize the famous March for Jobs and Freedom on Washington in 1963, where he spoke⁴ to the nation appealing for racial harmony. His non-violent protests met with success as Congress passed civil rights laws (1964) and voting rights laws (1965). King’s friendship with President John F. Kennedy also helped his cause. King was assassinated⁵ on April 4, 1968. Stevie Wonder pays tribute to King with his song "Happy Birthday".

1963年，马丁发起“华盛顿工作与自由游行”，呼吁全国壮大“族裔和谐”。1964年，国会通过民权法案，1965年通过投票权法案，马丁的“非暴力”抗议获得成功。马丁与约翰·肯尼迪的友情也助他一臂之力。1968年4月4日，马丁遇刺。史提夫·汪达以一首《生日快乐》吊念马丁。

1.civil right 民权

例句：Having a job is not a civil right.

工作不是民主权利。

2.non-violent 非暴力的

例句：The nations of the world must also work together to create a non-violent and secure environment for our children.

世界各国还必须共同努力为儿童创造一个非暴力的、安全的环境。

3.voting right 选举权

例句：He delegated his voting right to his secretary.

他把他的选举权委托给了他的秘书。

4.meet with 受到

例句：His speech met with cries of anger.

对他的演讲, 人们报之以愤怒的叫喊声。

1 segregation   

n.隔离，种族隔离

参考例句：

• Many school boards found segregation a hot potato in the early 1960s.在60年代初，许多学校部门都觉得按水平分班是一个棘手的问题。
• They were tired to death of segregation and of being kicked around.他们十分厌恶种族隔离和总是被人踢来踢去。

2 boycott   

n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与

参考例句：

• We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
• The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。

3 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 assassinated   

v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏

参考例句：

• The prime minister was assassinated by extremists. 首相遭极端分子暗杀。
• Then, just two days later, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. 跟着在两天以后，肯尼迪总统在达拉斯被人暗杀。 来自辞典例句