有声读物《孙子兵法》第10期:第二章 作战(3)

 　　作战篇 NO.3：

　　善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。

　　国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，财竭则急于丘役。

　　力屈财殚，中原内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。

　　这句啥意思：

　　善于用兵的人，不用再次征集兵员，不用多次运送军粮。武器装备由国内供应，从敌人那里设法夺取粮食，这样军队的粮草就可以充足了。

　　国家之所以因作战而贫困，是由于军队远征，不得不进行长途运输。长途运输必然导致百姓贫穷。驻军附近处物价必然飞涨，物价飞涨，必然导致物资枯竭，物财枯竭，赋税和劳役必然加重。

　　在战场上，军力耗尽，在国内财源枯竭，百姓私家财产损耗十分之七。公家的财产，由于车辆破损，马匹疲惫，盔甲、弓箭、矛戟、盾牌、牛车的损失，而耗去十分之六。

　　英文这么说：

　　The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy,neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice.Bring war material with you from home, but forage¹ on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.

　　Poverty of the State exchequer² causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished³.On the other hand, the proximity⁴ of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away.

　　When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted⁵ by heavy exactions.With this loss of substance and exhaustion⁶ of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare,and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated;while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses,breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields,protective mantles⁷, draught-oxen and heavy wagons,will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.

　　《古语智慧》

　　战争消耗巨大，必须从国内进行沉重的赋税以给与战争强大的支持，长期加重人民的负担，必然会使得百姓贫穷，民怨声声，更可怕的是财物枯竭——“军无粮食则亡”而“以战养战”的军事思想是人性化的体现之一，也是现在军事重视后勤思想的体现。在外作战，将令首先要做的最好是夺取敌人的粮草，这样一方面使得敌人物资短缺，还能使得我方的战粮得到补充，同时这样得到的粮食，比起在国内运输至边疆要少费力许多；另外一方面能消耗敌人的力量，使得“一箭双雕”。

1 forage   

n.(牛马的)饲料，粮草；v.搜寻，翻寻

参考例句：

• They were forced to forage for clothing and fuel.他们不得不去寻找衣服和燃料。
• Now the nutritive value of the forage is reduced.此时牧草的营养价值也下降了。

2 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

3 impoverished   

adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化

参考例句：

• the impoverished areas of the city 这个城市的贫民区
• They were impoverished by a prolonged spell of unemployment. 他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 proximity   

n.接近，邻近

参考例句：

• Marriages in proximity of blood are forbidden by the law.法律规定禁止近亲结婚。
• Their house is in close proximity to ours.他们的房子很接近我们的。

5 afflicted   

使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• About 40% of the country's population is afflicted with the disease. 全国40%左右的人口患有这种疾病。
• A terrible restlessness that was like to hunger afflicted Martin Eden. 一阵可怕的、跟饥饿差不多的不安情绪折磨着马丁·伊登。

6 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。

7 mantles   

vt.&vi.覆盖（mantle的第三人称单数形式）

参考例句：

• The ivy mantles the building. 长春藤覆盖了建筑物。 来自互联网