有声读物《孙子兵法》第9期:第二章 作战(2)

 　　作战篇 NO.2：

　　其用战也胜，久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，久暴师则国用不足。

　　夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。

　　故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。

　　夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。

　　故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　因此，军队作战就要求速胜，如果拖的很久则军队必然疲惫，挫失锐气。一旦攻城，则兵力将耗尽，长期在外作战还必然导致国家财用不足。

　　如果军队因久战疲惫不堪，锐气受挫，军事实力耗尽，国内物资枯竭，其他诸侯必定趁火打劫。这样，即使足智多谋之士也无良策来挽救危亡了。

　　所以，在实际作战中，只听说将领缺少高招难以速胜，却没有见过指挥高明巧于持久作战的。

　　战争旷日持久而有利于国家的事，从来没有过。

　　所以，不能详尽地了解用兵的害处，就不能全面地了解用兵的益处。

　　英文这么说：

　　When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor¹ will be damped. If you lay siege to a town,you will exhaust your strength.

　　Again, if the campaign is protracted², the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain.Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped,your strength exhausted³ and your treasure spent,other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity⁴. Then no man, however wise,will be able to avert⁵ the consequences that must ensue.

　　Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war,cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.

　　There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare⁶.

　　It is only one who is thoroughly⁷ acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.

　　《从作战篇看》

　　孙子从"不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利"这一朴素的辩证法思想出发，着重阐述了在进攻作战中速战速决的战略主张。他说："兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。"这话的意思是说，指挥虽拙而求速胜，决不为稳妥而旷日持久。孙子参加的吴军破楚入郢之战，就是这一战略思想绝好的说明。当时如果楚军封锁楚国北部的三关要塞，前后夹击，吴军将处于十分被动的地位。战争由于其概然性和不确实性的程度较大，因此，总是带有一定程度的冒险性的，所以，在当时的条件下孙子主张实行速战速决的战略是有其客观依据的。

1 ardor   

n.热情，狂热

参考例句：

• His political ardor led him into many arguments.他的政治狂热使他多次卷入争论中。
• He took up his pursuit with ardor.他满腔热忱地从事工作。

2 protracted   

adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The war was protracted for four years. 战争拖延了四年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We won victory through protracted struggle. 经过长期的斗争，我们取得了胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

4 extremity   

n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度

参考例句：

• I hope you will help them in their extremity.我希望你能帮助在穷途末路的他们。
• What shall we do in this extremity?在这种极其困难的情况下我们该怎么办呢？

5 avert   

v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等)

参考例句：

• He managed to avert suspicion.他设法避嫌。
• I would do what I could to avert it.我会尽力去避免发生这种情况。

6 warfare   

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突

参考例句：

• He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
• Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。

7 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。