有声读物《孙子兵法》第50期:第九章 行军(1)

 　　行军篇 NO.1：

　　孙子曰： 凡处军相敌，绝山依谷，

　　视生处高，战隆无登，此处山之军也。

　　绝水必远水，

　　客绝水而来，勿迎之于水内，令半渡而击之利，

　　欲战者，无附于水而迎客，

　　视生处高，无迎水流，此处水上之军也。

　　绝斥泽，唯亟去无留，

　　若交军于斥泽之中，必依水草而背众树，此处斥泽之军也。

　　平陆处易，右背高，前死后生，此处平陆之军也。

　　凡此四军之利，黄帝之所以胜四帝也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　孙子说：在各种不同地形上处置军队和观察判断敌情时，应该注意：通过山地，必须依靠有水草的山谷，

　　驻扎在居高向阳的地方，敌人占领高地，不要仰攻，这是在山地上对军队的处置原则。

　　横渡江河，应远离水流驻扎，

　　敌人渡水来战，不要在江河中迎击，而要等它渡过一半时再攻击，这样较为有利。

　　如果要同敌人决战，不要紧靠水边列阵；

　　在江河地带扎营，也要居高向阳，不要面迎水流，这是在江河地带上对军队处置的原则。

　　通过盐碱沼泽地带，要迅速离开，不要逗留；

　　如果同敌军相遇于盐碱沼泽地带，那就必须靠近水草而背靠树林，这是在盐碱沼泽地带上对军队处置的原则。

　　在平原上应占领开阔地域，而侧翼要依托高地，前低后高。这是在平原地带上对军队处置的原则。

　　以上四种“处军”原则的好处，就是黄帝之所以能战胜其他四帝的原因。

　　英文这么说：

　　Sun Tzu said: We come now to the question of encamping the army, and observing signs of the enemy.Pass quickly over mountains, and keep in the neighborhood of valleys.

　　Camp in high places, facing the sun. Do not climb heights in order to fight. So much for mountain warfare¹.

　　After crossing a river, you should get far away from it.

　　When an invading force crosses a river in its onward² march, do not advance to meet it in mid-stream.It will be best to let half the army get across,and then deliver your attack.

　　If you are anxious to fight, you should not go to meet the invader³ near a river which he has to cross.

　　Moor⁴ your craft higher up than the enemy, and facing the sun. Do not move up-stream to meet the enemy.So much for river warfare.

　　In crossing salt-marshes, your sole concern should be to get over them quickly, without any delay.

　　If forced to fight in a salt-marsh, you should have water and grass near you, and get your back to a clump⁵ of trees. So much for operations in salt-marches.

　　In dry, level country, take up an easily accessible position with rising ground to your right and on your rear,so that the danger may be in front, and safety lie behind.So much for campaigning in flat country.

　　These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish⁶ four several sovereigns.

　　《行军篇》简析

　　本篇主要论述的是行军作战的组织指挥和观察判断敌情的一些方法。行军即带兵之意，所以，孙子明确提出了“令之以文，齐之以武”的带兵原则。也就是说，带好兵，必须是文、武兼用的治理方法。文，指的是宽仁，武，指的是严格，宽仁用兵，严格带兵，这也是孙子军事思想的一个重要方面。得人心者得天下，势必拮宭，到了这时恐怕又众叛亲离，一败涂地。

1 warfare   

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突

参考例句：

• He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
• Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。

2 onward   

adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先

参考例句：

• The Yellow River surges onward like ten thousand horses galloping.黄河以万马奔腾之势滚滚向前。
• He followed in the steps of forerunners and marched onward.他跟随着先辈的足迹前进。

3 invader   

n.侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者

参考例句：

• They suffered a lot under the invader's heel.在侵略者的铁蹄下，他们受尽了奴役。
• A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。

4 moor   

n.荒野，沼泽；vt.(使)停泊；vi.停泊

参考例句：

• I decided to moor near some tourist boats.我决定在一些观光船附近停泊。
• There were hundreds of the old huts on the moor.沼地上有成百上千的古老的石屋。

5 clump   

n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走

参考例句：

• A stream meandered gently through a clump of trees.一条小溪从树丛中蜿蜒穿过。
• It was as if he had hacked with his thick boots at a clump of bluebells.仿佛他用自己的厚靴子无情地践踏了一丛野风信子。

6 vanquish   

v.征服，战胜；克服；抑制

参考例句：

• He tried to vanquish his fears.他努力克服恐惧心理。
• It is impossible to vanquish so strong an enemy without making an extensive and long-term effort.现在要战胜这样一个强敌，非有长期的广大的努力是不可能的。