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VOA双语新闻:印度农民面临土地转移工业用问题

时间:2011-04-16 03:28来源:互联网 提供网友:xu183408   字体: [ ]
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  In India's West Bengal State, authorities have started talks with protesters opposing an automobile1 plant proposed by Tata Motors to manufacture the world's cheapest car. The automaker has suspended work on the plant, in the face of growing protests by farmers and politicians. The difficulties encountered by the project reflect a growing problem in India: how to move farmers off their land to make room for industrial expansion.
在印度的西孟加拉省,当地政府和抗议者开始对话。这些抗议者反对塔塔(TATA)汽车公司在这里设厂制造世界最便宜的汽车。在农民和政治人物的抗议下,塔塔暂停了这项计划。这场争议凸显出印度面临的日益紧迫的问题--如何把农民从他们的土地转移,为工业扩张提供空间。
When Tata Motors was looking for a site to establish an automobile plant to manufacture the Nano car, the West Bengal State government wooed the company and acquired one-thousand acres of land from farmers for the high-profile project.
印度塔塔汽车公司在为旗下的NANO汽车加工基地选址的时候,西孟加拉省的官员向塔塔公司大力游说,并为这项众所瞩目的计划从当地农民手里征集了一千顷土地。
The Nano is the world's cheapest car, scheduled to rollout in October.
NANO是世界上最便宜的汽车,原计划在今年10月投放市场。
But the Nano plant in Singur became embroiled2 in controversy3 after some farmers, led by an opposition4 political party, demanded their land back. The protests snowballed, last month, as demonstrators blocked roads and prevented workers from reaching the plant.
不过,塔塔在西孟加拉省辛谷地区的生产基地最近遇到麻烦。当地一些农民在反对党人士的领导下,要求归还他们的土地。抗议愈演愈烈。上个月,示威者堵住道路,不让工人进入基地。
Calling the situation "hostile and intimidating5" Tata Motors has suspended work at the plant.
塔塔以目前局势“充满敌意和威胁”为理由,暂停了基地工程。
Authorities in West Bengal State, who want to rescue the project and the state's image as a business-friendly destination, have started talks with the protesters.
西孟加拉省官员希望挽救这项工程,同时也希望挽救该省创造友好经商环境的努力。官员们最近开始和抗议者对话。
The head of the party leading the protests at Singur, Mamata Banerjee, says the concerns of the affected6 farmers must get top priority. However, she is prepared for a compromise.
组织辛谷地区抗议的反对党领袖马马塔·巴纳吉说,农民关注的问题必须得到高度重视。巴纳吉女士同时表示,妥协是有可能的。
"We want a settlement. Let industry smile and [the] agriculture also," she said.
她说:“我们希望化解事端。让工业和农业都满意。”
Many have blamed local politics for the deadlock7 in Singur.
很多人说,地方政治的纷争导致了辛谷地区抗议。
But analysts8 say that, even if a solution to the impasse9 is found, the acrimony surrounding the Nano plant reflects a deeper problem, how to move farmers off their land to make room for industrial expansion.
不过也有分析人士指出,即使目前的争端找到解决办法,这次争议也反映出印度面临的一个更深层次的问题--如何把农民从他们的土地转移,为工业扩张提供空间。
Since India's economy entered a high growth path, many industries have drawn10 up ambitious expansion plans. State governments are wooing business houses to boost development in the state.
印度经济进入高速发展阶段。很多工业设计了雄心勃勃的扩张计划。各省政府为了促进地方经济而大力招商引资。
A senior official at the Federation11 of Indian Chambers12 of Commerce and Industry, Anjan Roy, says industry needs space to set up manufacturing plants.
印度工商协会联合会的高级官员安让·罗伊说,建设厂房需要大量用地。
"Industry cannot be set up in suspension, hanging somewhere. So industry will need land and the country needs industry, so you will have to organize land for industry," said Roy. "Now in India, 63 percent of land is arable13. But the fact is that with a very high proportion of arable land, there is still a lot of arable land which is not cultivated, which is lying fallow."
他说:“你不能在半空中盖个工厂。工业需要用地,国家需要工业,所以工业用地必须解决。现在的印度,63%的土地是可耕地。不过事实上,尽管印度可耕地比例很高,但是还有很多土地处于闲置。”
But as farmers and tribal14 communities resist giving up their land, the promised industrial development has become a flashpoint. The Nano plant is not the only site facing protests. In the eastern Orissa State, thousands of villagers have demonstrated against plans by South Korea's POSCO firm to set up a steel plant on large swathes of forest land. The Supreme15 Court gave a go-ahead to the plant, but villagers say it will force them off their land.
不过,由于农民和地方族群社区拒绝出让土地,工业开发区的计划用地常常成为争议焦点。遭到抗议的并不只是塔塔公司的汽车生产基地。在东部的奥利萨省,上千名村民抗议韩国POSCO公司在那里的林地上修建钢铁厂。印度最高法院批准了这项建厂计划,但是当地村民并不买账。
In many other regions where industries want to set up factories, farmers have vowed16 not to give up heir land.
很多其他地区也有类似情况。
Sociologists say such conflicts are inevitable17 in a country where two-thirds of the people still depend on farming.
社会学家说,在农业人口超过三分之二的国家,这类冲突不可避免。
The head of the Center for Science and Development in New Delhi, Sunita Narain, says tensions are growing because farmers are often displaced without adequate compensation and without help finding a new way to make a living.
新德里科学发展中心主任苏尼塔·纳林说,冲突的起因之一是失地农民没有得到足够补偿,也没有获得足够帮助来寻找新的谋生手段。
"Indian laws are very antiquated18, when it comes to land. They do not go far enough in compensating19 rural communities for the land that they will give up, or the minerals that will be taken from their area, or water that will be taken away," said Narain. "The larger message coming out of this is: the poor in India are asserting the fact that they live on these resources and that they need either benefits to be shared or a different way of development."
他说:“印度土地法相当陈旧。有关法律对农村社区出让土地、矿产、和水资源的补偿没有充分的规定。整个现象反映出的问题是,印度贫困人口强调,他们依靠这些资源生活。他们要么共享利益,要么需要另外一种发展模式。”
Officials and businessmen argue that the factories will industrialize the countryside and provide much-needed jobs in rural areas, where millions of people are unemployed20 or underemployed.
政界和商界领袖说,建厂可以实现乡村工业化,并带来就业机会。这里现在有上百万的人处于失业或者不完全就业状态。
Anjan Roy says businesses are willing to pay adequate compensation to landowners, but their investments must be protected.
安让·罗伊说,企业愿意为土地所有者支付足够补偿,但是他们的投资必须得到保护。
"Industry wants a transparent21 system of land dealing22 for whenever industry has to have land requirements," added Roy. "Second, when a land is settled it should be unencumbered and there should not be any interference from politicians."
他说:“企业希望在使用土地的过程中相关程序高度透明。其次,如果土地征用已经完成的话,企业对土地的使用不应当受到政府干涉。”
But development experts say the way ahead may not be easy and warn of more standoffs between business and farmers as the country's economic priorities shift from agriculture to industry.
不过,开发领域的专家们说,印度的工业化进程不会一帆风顺。他们警告说,在印度的经济重心从农业向工业转移过程中,企业和农民之间会有更多纠纷。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 automobile rP1yv     
n.汽车,机动车
参考例句:
  • He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
  • The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。
2 embroiled 77258f75da8d0746f3018b2caba91b5f     
adj.卷入的;纠缠不清的
参考例句:
  • He became embroiled in a dispute with his neighbours. 他与邻居们发生了争执。
  • John and Peter were quarrelling, but Mary refused to get embroiled. 约翰和彼得在争吵,但玛丽不愿卷入。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 controversy 6Z9y0     
n.争论,辩论,争吵
参考例句:
  • That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
  • We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。
4 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对,敌对
参考例句:
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
5 intimidating WqUzKy     
vt.恐吓,威胁( intimidate的现在分词)
参考例句:
  • They were accused of intimidating people into voting for them. 他们被控胁迫选民投他们的票。
  • This kind of questioning can be very intimidating to children. 这种问话的方式可能让孩子们非常害怕。
6 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
7 deadlock mOIzU     
n.僵局,僵持
参考例句:
  • The negotiations reached a deadlock after two hours.两小时后,谈判陷入了僵局。
  • The employers and strikers are at a deadlock over the wage.雇主和罢工者在工资问题上相持不下。
8 analysts 167ff30c5034ca70abe2d60a6e760448     
分析家,化验员( analyst的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
  • I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。
9 impasse xcJz1     
n.僵局;死路
参考例句:
  • The government had reached an impasse.政府陷入绝境。
  • Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.谈判似乎已经陷入僵局。
10 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
11 federation htCzMS     
n.同盟,联邦,联合,联盟,联合会
参考例句:
  • It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
  • Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。
12 chambers c053984cd45eab1984d2c4776373c4fe     
n.房间( chamber的名词复数 );(议会的)议院;卧室;会议厅
参考例句:
  • The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间:Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网
13 arable vNuyi     
adj.可耕的,适合种植的
参考例句:
  • The terrain changed quickly from arable land to desert.那个地带很快就从耕地变成了沙漠。
  • Do you know how much arable land has been desolated?你知道什么每年有多少土地荒漠化吗?
14 tribal ifwzzw     
adj.部族的,种族的
参考例句:
  • He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
  • The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。
15 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
参考例句:
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
16 vowed 6996270667378281d2f9ee561353c089     
起誓,发誓(vow的过去式与过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
  • I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。
17 inevitable 5xcyq     
adj.不可避免的,必然发生的
参考例句:
  • Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
  • The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
18 antiquated bzLzTH     
adj.陈旧的,过时的
参考例句:
  • Many factories are so antiquated they are not worth saving.很多工厂过于陈旧落后,已不值得挽救。
  • A train of antiquated coaches was waiting for us at the siding.一列陈旧的火车在侧线上等着我们。
19 compensating 281cd98e12675fdbc2f2886a47f37ed0     
补偿,补助,修正
参考例句:
  • I am able to set up compensating networks of nerve connections. 我能建立起补偿性的神经联系网。
  • It is desirable that compensating cables be run in earthed conduit. 补偿导线最好在地下管道中穿过。
20 unemployed lfIz5Q     
adj.失业的,没有工作的;未动用的,闲置的
参考例句:
  • There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
  • The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。
21 transparent Smhwx     
adj.明显的,无疑的;透明的
参考例句:
  • The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明,可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
  • The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。
22 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
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