名人认知系列 哲学思想家10：Friedrich Hegel 弗里德里希·黑格尔

Friedrich Hegel

弗里德里希·黑格尔

Hegel was born in Stuttgart on August 27,1770, the son of an official. Urged by his pietist father to enter the clergy¹, he registered in the Tubingen Lutheran seminary in 1788. A fair student, Hegel generally preferred the conviviality² of cafes and country walks to scholarly asceticism³. His love of wine and company, and his interest in practical political matters prevailed over the stern demands of a religious calling. Nevertheless, he studied philosophy for two years.

黑格尔于1770年8月27日出生于斯图加特，其父亲是一名官员，也是一位虔诚的教徒。在父亲的强烈要求下，黑格尔1788年加入了路德会宗教研讨会。当时的黑格尔是一名单纯的学生，他不喜欢学术研究，却喜欢酒吧里欢愉的气氛和乡村小路上的安静舒适。他喜欢美酒和朋友，也热心讨论时政话题，只是对宗教的刻板要求毫无兴趣。但是，他学习了两年的哲学。

In 1797 Hegel became a private tutor in Frankfurt. His employer owned a fine library and allowed him time to be with friends. Most importantly, he had time to write. Hegel’s father died in 1799，leaving a legacy⁴ that enabled Hegel to leave tutoring and prepare seriously for an academic career.

1797年，黑格尔到法兰克福做了 一名私人教师。雇主家里藏书很多，也给他时间与朋友交谈，更重要的是，他有时间可以写点东西。黑格尔的父亲1799年去世，他也因此得到了一大笔遗产，这些遗产使黑格尔可以不用再教书，可以专心致志做学问了。

In 1801 Hegel also submitted a Latin dissertation⁵ on the orbits of the planets and consequently was granted the right to teach in any German university. He began to give lectures at Jena and eventually became one of the better-known lecturers.

1801年，黑格尔完成了一篇拉丁语的论文，这篇论文讨论了宇宙间各个星体运行的轨道。结果因为这篇论文，黑格尔被邀请可以到德国任何一所大学授课。他经常到耶拿大学做演讲，成了当地小有名气的演说家。

While at Jena the idea of a wholly reconciling philosophy was gestating in Hegel’s mind. It came to fruition in 1806 as the dense⁶ but exciting work Ph. nomenologie des Geistes (Phenomenology of Spirit), which compares the dialectical stages of historical development with the individual’s growth with regard to a concept that Hegel called Spirit. The entire book was written in haste and was completed on October 13, the very day Napoleon and his troops occupied Jena.

早在耶拿大学教书的时候，完全调和哲学的思想就在黑格尔的心中具备了雏型，但直到1806年才完全成熟。那一年，黑格尔发表了《精神现象学》，比较了历史发展与个人成长的辩证关系，并引入了 “精神”这一概念。书草草写成，在10月13曰那天成稿，碰巧的是， 拿破仑也在那天占领了耶拿市。

Since the university was in disarray⁷ and his own financial situation desperate, Hegel arranged to become editor of the Bamberger Zeitung. In 1816, Hegel was called to the University of Heidelberg. Then in 1817, he published The Encyclopedia⁸ of the Philosophical⁹ Sciences in Outline, a summary of his system.

大学里一片混乱，黑格尔自己也穷困潦倒，他只得到班贝格日报当了一名编辑。1816年，黑格尔调到了海德尔堡大学。1817年，他出版了一本名为《百科全书哲学和科学的批判性写作大纲》，总结了自己的哲学思想。

At the end of 1831, cholera¹⁰ spread in Europe and Hegel couldn’t survive it.
 

1831年底，整个欧洲霍乱流行，黑格尔也没能幸免。

1 clergy   

n.[总称]牧师，神职人员

参考例句：

• I could heartily wish that more of our country clergy would follow this example.我衷心希望，我国有更多的牧师效法这个榜样。
• All the local clergy attended the ceremony.当地所有的牧师出席了仪式。

2 conviviality   

n.欢宴，高兴，欢乐

参考例句：

• Sumptuous food and patriotic music created an atmosphere of elegant conviviality. 佳肴盛馔和爱国乐曲，使气氛十分优雅而欢乐。 来自辞典例句
• Synonymous with freshness, hygiene and conviviality, the individual cream portions are also economical and practical. 独立包装奶不仅仅是新鲜、卫生、欢乐的代名词，同时也是非常经济实用的。 来自互联网

3 asceticism   

n.禁欲主义

参考例句：

• I am not speaking here about asceticism or abstinence.我说的并不是苦行主义或禁欲主义。
• Chaucer affirmed man's rights to pursue earthly happiness and epposed asceticism.乔叟强调人权，尤其是追求今生今世幸福快乐的权力，反对神权与禁欲主义。

4 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

5 dissertation   

n.（博士学位）论文，学术演讲，专题论文

参考例句：

• He is currently writing a dissertation on the Somali civil war.他目前正在写一篇关于索马里内战的论文。
• He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。

6 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

7 disarray   

n.混乱，紊乱，凌乱

参考例句：

• His personal life fell into disarray when his wife left him.妻子离去后，他的个人生活一片混乱。
• Our plans were thrown into disarray by the rail strike.铁路罢工打乱了我们的计划。

8 encyclopedia   

n.百科全书

参考例句：

• The encyclopedia fell to the floor with a thud.那本百科全书砰的一声掉到地上。
• Geoff is a walking encyclopedia.He knows about everything.杰夫是个活百科全书，他什么都懂。

9 philosophical   

adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的

参考例句：

• The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
• She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。

10 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。