侏罗纪搏击俱乐部 第120期:恐龙身上结实的护甲

 　　Its first defense¹ was its armored hips².

　　它的首要防护是有护甲的髋部。

　　One of the interesting things about Gastonia is it does have a big solid plate over its hips.

　　加斯顿龙有趣的事情之一是它髋部确实有一块大而结实的护甲。

　　This makes sense when you think about the fact that that would probably be maybe one of the more vulnerable areas of Gastonia, they didn't have a lot of neck mobility³, so they're probably not able to wheel around and see the hips as well.

　　要是想想那也许会是加斯顿龙最易被攻击的地方之一，就不难理解了，它们颈部活动性大，所以它们很可能没办法转回头看到后面的臀部。

　　So that probably helped serve as added protection for the easiest part of the animal for a predator⁴ to potentially get to.

　　所以那很可能是作为给掠食者可能最容易攻击的部位的额外保护。

　　It was a well defended dinosaur⁵.

　　它是一种防护严密的恐龙。

　　But this living tank also had something designed for offense⁶ - huge spines⁸.

　　不过这种活坦克也有设计来攻击的东西——巨大的刺毛。

　　This is a spine⁷ from the shoulder region that would've stuck out laterally⁹.

　　这是一个从肩部横向刺出来的刺毛。

　　Now like the other armor we see in these animals, it's covered with numerous small grooves¹⁰ that housed blood vessels¹¹.

　　现在跟我们在这些动物身上看到的其他护甲一样，它上面有很多小沟槽覆盖血管。

　　These blood vessels in turn would've helped grow the keratinaceous sheath that would've covered the spine, and in turn would also have covered all the low armor, the bone over the whole body of the animal.

　　这些血管反过来能够帮助形成角质外鞘覆盖刺毛，转而也能覆盖所有刺毛下面的护甲，这些骨质护甲覆盖着该动物全身。

　　His back is covered in pieces of body armor.

　　它的背部有多片骨甲护身。

　　He's got huge spikes¹² that jut¹³ out of his back.

　　在背部有巨大尖刺支出。

　　He's tough to get near, but this most effective weapon was his tail.

　　要靠近它可不容易，不过它最有效的武器是尾巴。

　　All the way down the length on both sides of the tail were sharp pieces of bone that acted like blades.

　　整个尾巴两侧布满了锋利的骨头如同刀刃一般。

　　Its tail was a lethal¹⁴ weapon.

　　它的尾巴是致命武器。

　　Jutting¹⁵ out of the sides of it were large triangular¹⁶ shaped razors.

　　从它侧面支出来的是三角形的巨大剃刀。

　　And Gastonia wielded¹⁷ it like a medieval mace¹⁸.

　　加斯顿龙像挥舞中古的狼牙棒一样挥舞它的尾巴。

　　Paleontologists believe that it had a pivoting²⁰ motion.

　　古生物学家相信它会做旋转动作。

　　Well, as Gastonia would pivot¹⁹ around and move its body, keep that hind²¹ end toward any predatory dinosaur.

　　加斯顿龙能够旋转移动身体，保持让尾巴后部对准掠食性恐龙。

　　It would be slashing²² this tail back and forth²³.

　　它会前后挥砍尾巴。

　　Of course these large triangular plates running down the tail that if they came together would be able to slice something.

　　当然这些沿尾巴两侧排列的巨大三角形护甲，如果它们聚集到一起的话就能切开东西。

　　I tend to liken the tail of a Gastonia to a big chainsaw blade on a handle slashing back and forth at you.

　　我愿意把加斯顿龙的尾巴比作被握着的链锯就这么前后对着你挥砍。

　　You wouldn't want to grab it.

　　你不会想去抓住它的。

　　And if a chainsaw tail, body armor and back spines were not enough, it had one more adaptation unknown to modern science until the discovery of Gastonia - a set of bone slicing shears²⁴.

　　而且要是有链锯尾巴、全身护甲、加上背部尖刺还不够的话，加斯顿龙还有一个在它出土之前并不为现代科学所知的适应力，那就是一组骨头切割剪。

1 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

2 hips   

abbr.high impact polystyrene 高冲击强度聚苯乙烯，耐冲性聚苯乙烯n.臀部( hip的名词复数 )；[建筑学]屋脊；臀围（尺寸）；臀部…的

参考例句：

• She stood with her hands on her hips. 她双手叉腰站着。
• They wiggled their hips to the sound of pop music. 他们随着流行音乐的声音摇晃着臀部。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 mobility   

n.可动性，变动性，情感不定

参考例句：

• The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。
• Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。

4 predator   

n.捕食其它动物的动物；捕食者

参考例句：

• The final part of this chapter was devoted to a brief summary of predator species.本章最后部分简要总结了食肉动物。
• Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard and a fearsome predator.科摩多龙是目前存在的最大蜥蜴，它是一种令人恐惧的捕食性动物。

5 dinosaur   

n.恐龙

参考例句：

• Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击？
• He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。

6 offense   

n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪

参考例句：

• I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪。
• His words gave great offense to everybody present.他的发言冲犯了在场的所有人。

7 spine   

n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊

参考例句：

• He broke his spine in a fall from a horse.他从马上跌下摔断了脊梁骨。
• His spine developed a slight curve.他的脊柱有点弯曲。

8 spines   

n.脊柱( spine的名词复数 )；脊椎；（动植物的）刺；书脊

参考例句：

• Porcupines use their spines to protect themselves. 豪猪用身上的刺毛来自卫。
• The cactus has spines. 仙人掌有刺。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 laterally   

ad.横向地；侧面地；旁边地

参考例句：

• Shafts were sunk, with tunnels dug laterally. 竖井已经打下，并且挖有横向矿道。
• When the plate becomes unstable, it buckles laterally. 当板失去稳定时，就发生横向屈曲。

10 grooves   

n.沟( groove的名词复数 )；槽；老一套；（某种）音乐节奏v.沟( groove的第三人称单数 )；槽；老一套；（某种）音乐节奏

参考例句：

• Wheels leave grooves in a dirt road. 车轮在泥路上留下了凹痕。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Sliding doors move in grooves. 滑动门在槽沟中移动。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

11 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

12 spikes   

n.穗( spike的名词复数 )；跑鞋；（防滑）鞋钉；尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 )；偷偷地给某人的饮料加入（更多）酒精（ 或药物）；把尖状物钉入；打乱某人的计划

参考例句：

• a row of iron spikes on a wall 墙头的一排尖铁
• There is a row of spikes on top of the prison wall to prevent the prisoners escaping. 监狱墙头装有一排尖钉，以防犯人逃跑。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 jut   

v.突出；n.突出，突出物

参考例句：

• His mouth started to jut out,and his jaw got longer.他的嘴向前突出，下巴也变长了。
• His teeth tend to jut out a little.他的牙齿长得有点儿凸出。

14 lethal   

adj.致死的；毁灭性的

参考例句：

• A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
• She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。

15 jutting   

v.（使）突出( jut的现在分词 )；伸出；（从…）突出；高出

参考例句：

• The climbers rested on a sheltered ledge jutting out from the cliff. 登山者在悬崖的岩棚上休息。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The soldier saw a gun jutting out of some bushes. 那士兵看见丛林中有一枝枪伸出来。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

16 triangular   

adj.三角（形）的，三者间的

参考例句：

• It's more or less triangular plot of land.这块地略成三角形。
• One particular triangular relationship became the model of Simone's first novel.一段特殊的三角关系成了西蒙娜第一本小说的原型。

17 wielded   

手持着使用（武器、工具等）( wield的过去式和过去分词 )； 具有； 运用（权力）； 施加（影响）

参考例句：

• The bad eggs wielded power, while the good people were oppressed. 坏人当道，好人受气
• He was nominally the leader, but others actually wielded the power. 名义上他是领导者，但实际上是别人掌握实权。

18 mace   

n.狼牙棒，豆蔻干皮

参考例句：

• The sword and mace were favourite weapons for hand-to-hand fighting.剑和狼牙棒是肉搏战的最佳武器。
• She put some mace into the meat.她往肉里加了一些肉豆蔻干皮。

19 pivot   

v.在枢轴上转动；装枢轴，枢轴；adj.枢轴的

参考例句：

• She is the central pivot of creation and represents the feminine aspect in all things.她是创造的中心枢轴，表现出万物的女性面貌。
• If a spring is present,the hand wheel will pivot on the spring.如果有弹簧，手轮的枢轴会装在弹簧上。

20 pivoting   

n.绕轴旋转，绕公共法线旋转v.（似）在枢轴上转动( pivot的现在分词 )；把…放在枢轴上；以…为核心，围绕（主旨）展开

参考例句：

• Here is a neat YouTube video showing the Gyro's pivoting mechanism. 这里是一个整洁的YouTube视频显示陀螺仪的旋转机制。 来自互联网
• Dart pivoting is widely used in the gannent pattern design. 省道转移的原理在服装纸样设计中应用十分广泛。 来自互联网

21 hind   

adj.后面的，后部的

参考例句：

• The animal is able to stand up on its hind limbs.这种动物能够用后肢站立。
• Don't hind her in her studies.不要在学业上扯她后腿。

22 slashing   

adj.尖锐的；苛刻的；鲜明的；乱砍的v.挥砍( slash的现在分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减

参考例句：

• Slashing is the first process in which liquid treatment is involved. 浆纱是液处理的第一过程。 来自辞典例句
• He stopped slashing his horse. 他住了手，不去鞭打他的马了。 来自辞典例句

23 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

24 shears   

n.大剪刀

参考例句：

• These garden shears are lightweight and easy to use.这些园丁剪刀又轻又好用。
• With a few quick snips of the shears he pruned the bush.他用大剪刀几下子就把灌木给修剪好了。