美国国家公共电台 NPR 禁止核武器条约生效 但核武国家均未签署

A new global treaty banning nuclear weapons goes into effect tomorrow. It aims to make nuclear war obsolete¹. But as NPR's Geoff Brumfiel reports, some question whether it'll work.

一项新的全球禁止核武器条约将于明天生效。其目的是让核战争过时。但据NPR新闻的杰夫·布鲁姆菲尔报道，有些人质疑该条约是否有效。

GEOFF BRUMFIEL, BYLINE²: It's known as the Treaty on the Prohibition³ of Nuclear Weapons, and it does exactly what it says.

杰夫·布鲁姆菲尔连线：该条约名为《禁止核武器条约》，名称完全诠释了条约内容。

ELAYNE WHYTE: For the first time in history, nuclear weapons are going to be illegal in international law.

伊莱恩·怀特：核武器在国际法中将被视为非法存在，这在历史上尚属首次。

BRUMFIEL: Elayne Whyte is a former Costa Rican ambassador to the United Nations. She oversaw⁴ the drafting of the treaty a few years back. It bans every aspect of nuclear weapons.

布鲁姆菲尔：伊莱恩·怀特是前哥斯达黎加驻联合国大使。她在几年前监督了这项条约的起草工作。条约禁止核武器的各个方面。

WHYTE: The development, the manufacturing, the transfer, the possession, the use, the threat of use.

怀特：研发，制造，转移，拥有，使用，威胁使用均被禁止。

BRUMFIEL: So far, more than 80 countries have signed up to the new treaty, but none of them are countries that have nuclear weapons. Jeffrey Lewis is a professor at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. He says without the nuclear weapons states...

布鲁姆菲尔：到目前为止，已有80多个国家签署了这项新条约，但没有一个签署国拥有核武器。杰弗里·刘易斯是蒙特利米德尔伯里国际研究所的教授。他表示，拥有核武器的国家未签署条约……

JEFFREY LEWIS: It's mostly symbolic⁵ in nature.

杰弗里·刘易斯：从本质上来说这主要是份象征性条约。

BRUMFIEL: In fact, the new treaty is actually designed to send a message to a handful of nuclear nations, including the U.S. Back in the 1960s, they signed another treaty, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. According to that agreement, those with nuclear weapons had to work towards disarmament, but that hasn't happened. This new treaty prohibiting nuclear weapons is designed to pressure nuclear nations. But Lewis worries it could have unintended consequences.

布鲁姆菲尔：事实上，新条约旨在向包括美国在内的少数核国家传达信息。早在20世纪60年代，他们就签署了另一项条约，即《不扩散核武器条约》。这项条约规定，拥有核武器的国家必须努力实现核裁军，但这并未实现。这项禁止核武器的新条约旨在向核国家施加压力。但刘易斯担心这可能会产生意想不到的后果。

LEWIS: Because it is created, I would argue, in frustration⁶, it is a competitor to the agreement we do have, which is the nuclear non-proliferation treaty.

刘易斯：我认为，由于这项条约是在失望之下制定的，这就使其成为现有的核不扩散条约的竞争对手。

BRUMFIEL: Lewis and others fear that countries could play the two treaties against each other or shop around to see if they could get better concessions⁷ for joining one or the other. Ambassador Elayne Whyte says the two treaties are designed to work together and that the new nuclear ban sends a clear message to nuclear weapons states about disarmament.

布鲁姆菲尔：刘易斯和其他人担心，各国可能会将这两个条约对立起来，或者进行比较，看看加入其中一个条约是否能得到更好的让步。伊莱恩·怀特大使表示，这两项条约旨在共同努力，新的核禁令向核武器国家发出了关于核裁军的明确信息。

WHYTE: To remind them they need to be moving forward.

怀特：新条约提醒他们需要向前迈进。

BRUMFIEL: She says this is a first step towards a difficult goal, but the world has grappled with tough issues before.

布鲁姆菲尔：她表示，这是朝着艰难目标迈出的第一步，但世界以前也遇到过棘手的问题。

WHYTE: How did the international community deal with slavery, colonialism? Once you delegitimize that conduct, it completely has an impact on the policy-making process.

怀特：国际社会是如何应对奴隶制和殖民主义的？一旦取消这种行为的合法性，就会完全影响决策过程。

BRUMFIEL: Nuclear weapons will be around for a while, she says. But over time, she hopes nations like the U.S. can be convinced and cajoled into giving them up.

布鲁姆菲尔：她表示，核武器将存在一段时间。但她希望，随着时间的推移，能说服并诱使美国这样的国家放弃核武器。

Geoff Brumfiel, NPR News, Washington.

NPR新闻，杰夫·布鲁姆菲尔华盛顿报道。

1 obsolete   

adj.已废弃的，过时的

参考例句：

• These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了，在市场上卖不了高价。
• They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 prohibition   

n.禁止；禁令，禁律

参考例句：

• The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
• They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。

4 oversaw   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统，安然引退。 来自互联网
• Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网

5 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

6 frustration   

n.挫折，失败，失效，落空

参考例句：

• He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。

7 concessions   

n.（尤指由政府或雇主给予的）特许权( concession的名词复数 )；承认；减价；（在某地的）特许经营权

参考例句：

• The firm will be forced to make concessions if it wants to avoid a strike. 要想避免罢工，公司将不得不作出一些让步。
• The concessions did little to placate the students. 让步根本未能平息学生的愤怒。