美国国家公共电台 NPR 国际能源署称要避免气候危机 须停止开发新的油气田

You may have heard this chant from climate activists¹ who want the world to quit oil.

大家可能听过气候活动人士的这一口号，他们希望世界停止石油供应。

Keep it in the ground. Keep it in the ground.

让它留在地下。让它待在地下。

Today, the head of a major energy organization said something that isn't quite as catchy² but might be just as radical³.

今天，一个主要能源组织的负责人发表了一些言论，可能不如上面的口号那样琅琅上口，但却同样激进。

There is no need for new fossil fuel supply investments.

没有必要进行新的化石燃料供应投资。

That is Fatih Birol of the International Energy Agency.

这是国际能源署（简称IEA）署长法蒂赫·比罗尔所说。

The group just released a big report on what it would take to avoid the worst effects of climate change.

该组织刚刚发布了一份重要报告，该报告说明了该组织为避免气候变化的最坏影响而计划采取的措施。

NPR's Camila Domonoske is here to break it down. Hey, Camila.

NPR新闻的卡米拉·多蒙诺斯克将解析这份报告。你好，卡米拉。

Hi.

你好。

So a big report — what is the big takeaway?

这是一份重要报告，主要内容有哪些？

Well, we all know that in order to stop the worst effects of climate change, we would need to stop burning oil and gas, right?

众所周知，为了阻止气候变化的最坏影响，我们需要停止燃烧石油和天然气，对吗？

But we've also built the entire global economy around these fuels, so it's a daunting⁴ task. But the IEA says we could do it.

但我们的整个全球经济是围绕这些燃料建立的济，因此这是一项艰巨的任务。但国际能源署认为我们可以完成这项任务。

The global energy system could stop contributing emissions⁵ to climate change by 2050,

到2050年，全球能源系统可以停止导致气候变化的排放，

and the global economy would actually grow faster than it would otherwise.

而这反而会令全球经济更快增长。

It would be a truly massive task, and it would need to start immediately. But they say there's a window of opportunity.

这将是一项真正艰巨的任务，必须立即采取行动。但他们说有机会实现。

OK. You just said they're saying by 2050, so that's 29 years. How do they say we could do this?

好。你刚才提到，他们给出的时间是到2050年，也就是29年之后。他们为什么认为我们可以做到？

Well, under the pathway that they lay out, governments would immediately stop approving new oil and gas projects.

按照他们制定的路线，各国政府将立即停止批准新石油和天然气项目的申请。

Projects that are already approved would keep going but nothing new — no new coal, either.

而已经批准的项目将继续进行，但不会再批准新项目，当然也不会再有新煤炭项目。

And then there would be huge investments into solar power, wind energy, hydrogen, more efficient buildings,

之后，加大对太阳能、风能、氢气的投资，建设更高效建筑、

more electric cars — a lot more electric cars — in fact, no new gas or diesel⁶ cars by 2035.

生产更多电动汽车，事实上，他们计划在2035年前停止销售汽油或柴油车。

There's 200 more pages of all the details. But fundamentally, it's a switch from fossil fuels to renewables.

这份报告长达200多页，包含各种详细计划。但从根本上来说，这是从化石燃料向可再生能源的转变。

All of which sounds like ideas that we have heard environmental activists calling for for ages. What does this report add?

所有这些听起来都像是多年来环保人士一直在呼吁的方案。这份报告有何补充吗？

Well, this report is not coming from environmental activists.

这份报告并非出自环保人士之手。

The IEA, the group that put out this report — they were actually founded by governments during the oil crisis in the 1970s.

发布该报告的是国际能源署，是在20世纪70年代石油危机期间由各国政府建立的机构。

And their whole point, the reason they exist, was to make sure rich countries never ran out of oil again.

该机构之所以存在，就是为了确保富裕国家不再耗尽石油。

In recent years, they've been criticized by environmental activists for downplaying the role of renewables or their potential role and overemphasizing oil.

近年来，环保人士指责这个机构淡化可再生能源的作用或其潜在作用，过分强调石油的作用。

So when this group says that this kind of a shift away from oil can be done and should be done, it really gets attention in a lot of corners.

因此，当这个机构表示远离石油的转变是可以做到、也是应该做到的时候，确实在很多方面引发了关注。

Interesting. OK, so they're saying this can be done. They're saying this should be done.

这值得注意。好，他们说这可以做到。他们还说也应该这样做。

Does it strike you, having gone through the report, that they actually think this can be done, that we can get there?

看完这份报告后，你有何想法？他们确实认为这是可以做到的事情吗，我们真的能做到？

Well, they say that the pathway they lay out is technically⁷ feasible — very important — cost-effective — that's huge — socially acceptable.

该机构表示，他们设计的路线在技术上是可行的，这非常重要，虽然这会耗费巨大的成本效益，但从社会角度可以接受。

That's also very important. But one thing that's not on that list is politically viable⁸.

这一点也非常重要。但他们并未提及政治上是否可行。

And the question of political will is crucial here. This is a huge transformation⁹ that we're talking about.

政治意愿问题至关重要。因为我们正在谈论的是一个巨大转变。

It's hard to overstate how many things have to be done at the exact same time.

很难去表述要在同一时间做多少事情。

And the IEA says, look; governments around the world need to be bold. They need to act immediately. They need to cooperate with each other.

国际能源署表示，世界各国政府要大胆一些。他们需要立即采取行动。他们需要相互合作。

And they note that, right now, that's not happening. There's a giant gap between rhetoric¹⁰ and action on these fronts.

他们指出，这些现在都没有发生。在这些方面，言辞和行动之间存在巨大差距。

So this is really a call to action. Some parts of this are in motion.

因此，这是一个真正的行动号召。其中部分计划正在进行中。

Electric vehicles are on the rise. Renewables are getting cheaper but on their own, not enough for us to actually be on this pathway.

电动汽车正在崛起。可再生能源正变得越来越便宜，但仅仅靠他们自己，还不足以让我们真正走上这条道路。

Thank you, Camila.

谢谢你，卡米拉。

Thank you.

谢谢。

NPR's Camila Domonoske.

以上是NPR新闻的卡米拉·多蒙诺斯克带来的报道。

1 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 catchy   

adj.易记住的，诡诈的，易使人上当的

参考例句：

• We need a new slogan.The old one's not catchy enough.我们需要新的口号，旧的不够吸引人。
• The chorus is very catchy to say the least.副歌部分很容易上口。

3 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

4 daunting   

adj.使人畏缩的

参考例句：

• They were faced with the daunting task of restoring the house.他们面临着修复房子的艰巨任务。
• Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.开始一项新工作有时会让人望而却步。

5 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

6 diesel   

n.柴油发动机，内燃机

参考例句：

• We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
• My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。

7 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

8 viable   

adj.可行的，切实可行的，能活下去的

参考例句：

• The scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
• The economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。

9 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

10 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。