美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国将考虑接种辉瑞疫苗

Today might be the day that determines the future of COVID-19 booster shots in this country.

今天可能是决定我国新冠疫苗未来的一天。

Yeah, an advisory¹ committee to the Food and Drug Administration is meeting to consider Pfizer's application to offer a third shot to all Americans older than 16.

是的，食品和药物管理局的顾问委员会正在开会考虑辉瑞公司的申请，为所有16岁以上的美国人提供第三次注射。

President Biden has already said he wants boosters. But some scientists aren't so sure that everyone needs one.

拜登总统已经说过他想要疫苗。但是一些科学家并不确定每个人都需要。

NPR science correspondent Joe Palca is following this one. Good morning, Joe.

NPR 科学记者乔 · 帕尔卡正在关注这条新闻。早上好，乔。

Morning, Noel.

早上好，诺埃尔。

What are the arguments in favor of boosters for all?

支持所有人使用疫苗的论据是什么？

So it's primarily evidence from Israel that over time, the vaccine²'s ability to prevent any disease begins to decrease.

因此，来自以色列的主要证据表明，随着时间的推移，疫苗预防任何疾病的能力开始下降。

So the longer it's been since you got vaccinated³, the more likely you'll get a breakthrough infection.

因此，您接种疫苗的时间越长，您获得突破性感染的可能性就越大。

And it's any kind of infection, even mild disease.

它可以是任何疾病类型的感染，甚至是轻微的疾病。

But there's also some evidence that the vaccine's ability to prevent severe disease is declining, at least for people older than 65.

但也有一些证据表明，疫苗预防严重疾病的能力正在下降，至少对于 65 岁以上的人来说是这样。

Then there's a paper from Israel out this week that says that boosters reduce the likelihood of any disease, including severe disease, in that group and others.

然后本周有一篇来自以色列的论文表明，疫苗可以降低该群体和其他群体患任何疾病的可能性，包括严重疾病。

And then there's laboratory data where they look at people's blood.

然后是实验室数据，他们观察人们的血液。

They take blood samples over time, and they see how their antibody level's doing when they challenge them with a virus in the laboratory.

他们会在一段时间内采集血样，他们在实验室里观察当抗体与病毒处于对抗状态时抗体水平的变化。

And they're showing that the antibody levels are declining over time.

他们表明抗体水平随着时间的推移而下降。

But if you add in a booster, they start behaving or looking like they did right after you got your first round of vaccination⁴. So you're highly protected.

但如果你注射了疫苗，它们的行为或外观就会像你接种第一轮疫苗后那样。 所以你被高度保护了。

And despite all of that, some scientists are still saying, not so fast.

金:尽管如此，一些科学家仍然说，不要这么快。

Right. So the laboratory data of declining antibodies may not translate to actual decline and protection.

没错。 因此，抗体下降的实验室数据可能不能转化为实际的下降和保护。

And remember - the vaccine was created to keep people from getting really sick and in the hospital and dying.

记住，疫苗的发明是为了防止人们真的患病、住院以及离开人世。

And immunologists like Marion Pepper at the University of Washington say we shouldn't be talking about boosters until we see more breakthrough infections that are sending people to the hospital.

免疫学家比如华盛顿大学的马里昂·佩珀认为，我们不应该等到我们看到更多的突破性感染导致人们住院才谈论疫苗。

I don't think we are yet. I need to see data right now that says a booster is essential 'cause so far, I haven't seen it.

我想我们还没有（到那么糟糕的地步）。 我现在就需要数据证明疫苗是必要的，因为到目前为止，我还没有看到。

OK. There are also ethical⁵ arguments against Americans getting a third shot.

金:好的。 还有一些伦理上的争论反对美国人接种第三针。

Well, that's right. I mean, many people around the world have no coverage⁶ at all.

嗯，没错。 我的意思是，世界上有很多人根本没有保险。

Buddy⁷ Creech is the director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program.

巴迪·克里奇是范德比尔特疫苗研究项目的负责人。

There are still billions around the globe that have no access to vaccine.

全球仍有数十亿人无法获得疫苗。

I think that has to go into our decision-making process.

我认为这必须涉及到我们的决策过程。

And there's some serious outrage⁸ that wealthy countries are giving out boosters, and poorer countries can't get hold of vaccines⁹ for love or money.

非常令人愤怒的是，富裕国家正在提供疫苗，而较贫穷的国家无论如何也得不到疫苗。

So this FDA advisory committee meets today. What do you think is going to happen?

食品药品管理局咨询委员会今天开会。 你觉得会发生什么?

Well, it should be a lively discussion. There are scientific issues, and there is this ethical component¹⁰.

嗯，这应该是一场热烈的讨论。 既有科学问题，也有伦理问题。

If I had to guess - and I'm prepared to be wrong - I would say that the advisory committee will say that some kind of booster for some people may be advisable, could be older people with health conditions.

如果让我猜的话——我也愿意猜错——我会说，顾问委员会会说某种疫苗对某些人可能是可取的，可能是有健康问题的老年人。

Buddy Creech suggests another group that may be appropriate for boosters.

巴迪·克里奇提出了另一组可能适合接种疫苗的人。

Those who are front-line health care workers, those that are in long-term care facilities.

是那些在一线的卫生保健工作者，那些长期在护理机构的工作者。

They might require boosting if for no other reason than to keep people who are serving and who are at highest risk out of harm's way from even minor¹¹ colds that could keep them out of work.

如果仅仅是为了让正在服役的人员和高危人员避免轻微感冒的伤害，即使轻微感冒也会让他们失去工作，就可能需要提高工资。

Because Creech says the health care system is already showing signs of strain, and losing staff to illness would be bad.

因为克里奇说，医疗保健系统已经显示出紧张的迹象，员工因疾病流失将是糟糕的。

Now, you have to keep in mind, Noel, that this meeting today of the advisory committee - they're just making recommendations. It'll still be up to the FDA to make a decision.

诺埃尔，你要记住，今天顾问委员会的会议，他们只是在提建议。 这还得由食品和药物管理局来决定。

NPR's Joe Palca. Thank you, Joe.

NPR新闻，乔·帕尔卡报道。 谢谢你,乔。

You're welcome.

不客气。

1 advisory   

adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询

参考例句：

• I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
• He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

4 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

5 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

6 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

7 buddy   

n.（美口）密友，伙伴

参考例句：

• Calm down,buddy.What's the trouble?压压气，老兄。有什么麻烦吗？
• Get out of my way,buddy!别挡道了，你这家伙！

8 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

9 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

10 component   

n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的

参考例句：

• Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
• Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。

11 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。