美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国内部针对是否接种疫苗强化针意见不合

How normal is it for the agency's director, the CDC director, to overturn her own advisers¹?

该机构的主任，也就是疾控中心的主任，推翻自己顾问的决定有多不正常?

It's pretty unusual. The CDC director usually accepts recommendations from the CDC's advisers.

这很不正常。疾病防治中心主任通常会接受其顾问的建议。

And, you know, Steve, it's the latest whiplash that kind of encapsulates all the mixed signals and intense debate that's been swirling² around boosters in the U.S.

而且，你知道，史蒂夫，在美国，围绕接种疫苗强化针的各种复杂信号和激烈争论一直萦绕不去，而这是最新的一次争斗。

The committee voted unanimously to endorse³ boosters for anyone aged⁴ 65 and older, beginning six months after they were fully⁵ vaccinated⁶.

该委员会一致投票通过，支持65岁及以上的人完成接种疫苗后6个月开始接种疫苗强化针。

And they also supported a third dose for adults who have health problems that put them at risk. But that's where they drew the line.

该委员会还支持对存在健康问题且这些健康问题将他们置于风险之中的成年人，进行第三次接种疫苗。但是他们决绝这样做。

OK, so I want to make sure I'm clear on what's going on here. People who've been following the news know that the FDA endorsed⁷ boosters for high-risk workers the other day. I thought it was settled.

好，我想了解清楚这里发生了什么。一直关注这条新闻的人都知道，前几天食品和药物管理局批准了高风险工作者接种疫苗强化针。我以为就这么定了。

Then we find out that some people at the CDC object to this. In the end, it means nothing. Rochelle Walensky went along with the FDA.

后来我们发现疾控中心的一些人反对这件事。到最后，一切都毫无意义。罗谢尔·华伦斯基赞同食品和药物管理局的决定。

But why was it that some experts thought it was a bad idea to give boosters to high-risk workers?

但为什么一些专家认为给高风险工作者接种疫苗强化针是个糟糕的想法呢?

Yeah, yeah. The advisors⁸ really struggled with that one. And at the end of a really long day, the panel narrowly rejected endorsing⁹ boosters for people in jobs that might put them at risk, like doctors, nurses and teachers.

是的，是的。顾问在这个问题上确实很纠结。在漫长的一天结束时，该小组成员投票以微弱优势，否决了为工作可能会将他们置于危险境地的人群提供强化疫苗针的决定，比如医生、护士和教师。

A slight majority said there just wasn't enough evidence to support that. That put that my odds¹⁰ with the FDA, which just hours earlier, had authorized¹¹ boosters for workers like that.

略占多数的人表示，没有足够的证据支持这一做法。就在几小时前，食品和药物管理局还批准了对这类工作人员使用疫苗强化针，这让我以为食品和药物管理局有胜算。

Well, so we have a situation there where you're saying that what - this was a close decision for some people, then, in a close vote.

嗯，我们现在的情况是，正如你说的，这对一些人来说是一个非常接近的决定，在一个非常接近的投票中。

Yeah, yeah, yeah. The panel was split almost evenly on this question. Six members voted to open up boosters for those folks, but nine voted against it.

是的,是的,是的。小组成员对这个问题的看法不同，几乎各占一半。六名成员投票支持为这些人群开放疫苗加强针，但九名成员投了反对票。

The opponents basically argued that there simply wasn't enough evidence to support giving boosters to otherwise healthy people no matter what jobs they do. Sure, immunity¹² seems to be waning¹³ for older people.

反对者基本上认为，没有足够的证据支持为本来健康人群提供疫苗加强针，无论他们从事什么工作。当然，老年人的免疫力似乎正在减弱。

And maybe people with health problems are more vulnerable. But so far, all the vaccines¹⁴ are still doing a great job of keeping relatively¹⁵ young, healthy people out of the hospital and keeping them alive.

也许有健康问题的人群更容易受到感染。但到目前为止，所有的疫苗仍然在让相对年轻、健康的人群避免住院以及维持生命方面发挥着巨大的作用。

And there may be risks for a third dose, like an inflammation of the heart known as myocarditis, which is rare but has shown up frequently - most frequently among younger men. Here's Dr. Lynn Bahta from the Minnesota Department of Health.

第三次注射可能会有风险，比如一种被称为心肌炎的心脏炎症，这种情况很少见，但多发于年轻男性。这是明尼苏达州卫生部的林恩·巴塔医生。

I feel like we're being pulled into an emotional decision. And this is an emotional decision.

我觉得我们卷入了一个情绪化的决定。这是一个情绪化的决定。

But we really do have to stay with the science. And I don't think we have the data in younger age groups to make a decision for a booster dose.

但我们必须坚持科学。我认为我们不应该用年轻群体的数据来决定加强针的剂量。

But on the flip¹⁶ side, others argued quite passionately¹⁷ at times that many workers in risky¹⁸ jobs deserve whatever protection they can get, you know, especially health care workers who've been putting their lives on the line every day.

但另一方面，其他人有时争论得相当激烈，认为许多从事危险工作的人员应该得到他们能获得的所有保护，你知道，特别是每天都冒着生命危险的医疗工作者。

It's really interesting to listen to that argument from what you're saying there, Rob, because you have one person saying, I feel we're being pulled into an emotional decision. And there is, in some ways, an emotional response.

从你刚刚说的话里去倾听你的观点，真的很有趣，罗伯，因为你提到说，我觉得我们卷入了一个情绪化的决定。在某种程度上，这是一种情绪反应。

Yeah, yeah. You know, in a statement released early this morning, CDC Director Walensky - she sided with the argument that workers needed protection, too, in the face of the Delta¹⁹ surge.

是的,是的。你知道，在今天一大早发布的一份声明中，疾控中心主任瓦伦斯基，面对 Delta变异病毒的激增，站在了工作人员也需要保护的立场上。

In a pandemic, she said, the CDC, quote, "is tasked with an alyzing complex, often imperfect data and take action that we anticipate will do the greatest good, even when there is uncertainty²⁰."

在一场疫情中，她说，疾病防治中心（引用）“的任务是通过分析复杂的、往往不完美的数据，采取预计带给我们最大好处的行动，即使存在不确定性。”

1 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

2 swirling   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Snowflakes were swirling in the air. 天空飘洒着雪花。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• She smiled, swirling the wine in her glass. 她微笑着，旋动着杯子里的葡萄酒。 来自辞典例句

3 endorse   

vt.(支票、汇票等)背书，背署；批注；同意

参考例句：

• No one is foolish enough to endorse it.没有哪个人会傻得赞成它。
• I fully endorse your opinions on this subject.我完全拥护你对此课题的主张。

4 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

5 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

6 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

7 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 advisors   

n.顾问，劝告者( advisor的名词复数 )；（指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• The governors felt that they were being strung along by their advisors. 地方长官感到他们一直在受顾问们的愚弄。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• We will consult together with advisors about her education. 我们将一起和专家商议她的教育事宜。 来自互联网

9 endorsing   

v.赞同( endorse的现在分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• Yet Communist leaders are also publicly endorsing religion in an unprecedented way. 不过，共产党领导层对宗教信仰的公开认可也是以前不曾有过的。 来自互联网
• Connecticut Independent Senator Joseph Lieberman is endorsing Republican Senator John McCain. 康涅狄格州独立派参议员约瑟夫。列波曼将会票选共和议员约翰。麦凯恩。 来自互联网

10 odds   

n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别

参考例句：

• The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
• Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗？

11 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

12 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

13 waning   

adj.（月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡

参考例句：

• Her enthusiasm for the whole idea was waning rapidly. 她对整个想法的热情迅速冷淡了下来。
• The day is waning and the road is ending. 日暮途穷。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

15 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

16 flip   

vt.快速翻动；轻抛；轻拍；n.轻抛；adj.轻浮的

参考例句：

• I had a quick flip through the book and it looked very interesting.我很快翻阅了一下那本书，看来似乎很有趣。
• Let's flip a coin to see who pays the bill.咱们来抛硬币决定谁付钱。

17 passionately   

ad.热烈地，激烈地

参考例句：

• She could hate as passionately as she could love. 她能恨得咬牙切齿，也能爱得一往情深。
• He was passionately addicted to pop music. 他酷爱流行音乐。

18 risky   

adj.有风险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险，但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
• He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。

19 delta   

n.（流的）角洲

参考例句：

• He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
• The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

20 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。