经济学人:一周商业要闻13

 　　Business this week 一周商业要闻

　　The European Central Bank announced that it will begin its review of the quality of assets held by 128 banks in November. 欧洲央行日前表示：将于今年11月份起对欧元区的128家银行进行资产的质量审核。

　　The review will cover all asset classes and be incorporated into the European Banking¹ Authority's stress tests next year. 此次审查将囊括所有资产类型，并纳入明年央行当局对银行的压力检验。

　　The ECB wants big banks to have core capital ratios of 8%, rather than the 7% under current regulations. 欧洲央行还表示希望大银行能将核心资本的缓冲比率调至8%，而不是现行条令下的7%。

　　JPMorgan Chase and America's Justice Department negotiated the final details of a settlement for mis selling mortgage backed securities that reportedly is going to cost the bank $13 billion. 日前，摩根大通集团和美国司法部签署了一份最终赔偿协议，根据该协议，摩根大通需要为其不当出售抵押证券支付130亿美元的罚金。

　　It may have to dig deeper still: details were also leaked of a separate settlement that JPMorgan is close to agreeing on with investors² for $ 6 billion. 对此事进行深层跟踪后得到数据显示：摩根大通集团可能还将向投资者机构再支付60亿美元以达成和解。

　　A federal jury in a civil case found Bank of America liable for fraud because of toxic³ home loans its Countrywide Financial unit sold to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, two government backed mortgage giants, in 2007-08. 联邦陪审团在一次民事案件的调查中发现美国银行涉嫌诈骗，因其各金融单位在2007年8月向两家已国有化的抵押贷款巨头房利美和房地美出售次级住房贷款。

　　Countrywide bundled the loans under a project it called" Hustle's". 这个全国范围的出售贷款的项目被称为“快速泳道”。

　　America Securities and Exchange Commission proposed new rules to ease the ability of start ups to raise money through crowd funding platforms on the internet. 美国证券交易管理委员会出台新政策：通过网络众筹平台来缓解初创企业筹集资金的压力。

　　The rules would introduce limits on the amount that small investors can invest based on their income and net worth( up to 5% of annual income below $100,000, for instance), and on the amount that firms can raise. 该政策规定：个人投资者的投资金额上限由其收入确定（例如年收入低于10万美元的个人最高投资额度不超过其收入的5%）；而对于企业来说，这个额度会相对高一些。

　　Karnit Flug was appointed as the new governor of the Bank of Israel. 卡尔尼特?弗拉格当选以色列央行的新任行长。

　　Ms. Flug was deputy to the previous governor, Stanley Fischer, and has acted as the central bank's head since July. 在此之前，弗拉格一直担任前任行长斯坦利?费希尔的代理人，并从七月份起以央行主管的身份管理央行业务。

　　She is expected to continue the loose monetary⁴ policy that marked Mr. Fischer's tenure⁵. 她预计将继续实施费希尔任职期间实施的宽松的货币政策。

　　In June the bank tapped Jacob Frenkel, an international financier, to be governor, but he withdrew from consideration. 今年六月份央行希望国际金融专家雅各布?弗兰克尔出任央行行长，但被其拒绝。

　　It emerged that Raoul Weil, who used to run the wealth management division at UBS, Switzerland's biggest bank, was arrested while on holiday in Italy. 拉乌尔?韦尔在意大利渡假时被捕，据悉其曾在瑞士最大的银行瑞联集团的资产管理部任职。

　　The United States has issued an extradition⁶ request for Mr. Weil in relation to its probe of Swiss banks that allegedly help Americans evade⁷ tax. 美国政府发出引渡请求，因其在瑞士银行工作期间帮助美国客户逃避税款。

　　He is the biggest fish to be netted since the investigation⁸ began in 2008. 他是自2008年立案调查以来最大的落网之鱼。

　　American employers added 148,000 jobs to the payrolls⁹ in September, somewhat short of the monthly average of 181,000 between January and August. 美国九月份新增非农就业岗位14.8万个，低于1月至8月的月平均水平18.1万个。

　　The employment report's publication was delayed by the government shutdown, which Standard & Poor's reckons will cost the economy $24 billion. 由于政府关门事件，劳工就业的报告发布推迟。标准普尔预计此举将造成240亿的经济损失。

　　The data make it less likely that the Federal Reserve will announce an easing of its stimulus¹⁰ programme at its October meeting. 据此分析，美联储在接下来的十月会议中很有可能继续实施刺激计划。

　　After nine consecutive¹¹ quarters of contraction¹², the Spanish economy grew by 0.1% from July to September, according to a first estimate from the country's central bank, thanks to a bounce in exports. 西班牙在经历了连续9个季度的经济萎缩之后终于开始回升，根据央行的初步估计，该国经济7月到9月期间在出口的拉动下增长了0.1%。

　　China's economic growth rate picked up slightly in the third quarter, allaying¹³ fears, for now, of an acute slowdown. 中国经济增长率在第三季度略有上升，这缓解了人们对于眼下经济增长急剧下降的忧虑。

　　GDP rose by 7.8% in the quarter compared with the same period last year. GDP在该季度同比去年增加了7.8%。

　　Apple, Microsoft and Nokia unveiled new tablets. 苹果，微软和诺基亚都推出了新的平板电脑。

　　The Lumia 2520 is Nokia's first tablet, and also its last before it merges¹⁴ fully¹⁵ with Microsoft. Lumia 2520是诺基亚推出的首款平板电脑，也是其与微软完全合并前最后的产品。

　　The pair already co operate on mobile technology and may streamline¹⁶ their combined product range. 这两家公司已经在移动技术上展开合作，且有可能优化他们结合起来的产品范围。

　　Both struggle to compete with Apple, which brought out the iPad Air this week, a thinner and lighter¹⁷ version of its full sized tablet. 微软和诺基亚两家公司将就该产品与苹果本周推出的ipad Air （在原有尺寸的基础上变得更轻薄的一款机型）争夺市场。

　　Google's share price surged above $1,000 for the first time after it issued solid quarterly earnings¹⁸ underpinned¹⁹ by a 26% jump in paid clicks from ads. 谷歌公布其稳定的季度收益（其中26%的收入来自广告费的投入）后，其股价首次突破1000美元。

　　The tech company joins just a handful of big firms with a share price over $1,000, though more could follow as companies now tend not to split their stock when the share price rockets. 谷歌作为一个技术公司，加入仅有的少数几个股价超过1000美元的大公司行列。而更多的人可以买进谷歌的股票，因为目前它没有趁股价飙升分裂股权的打算。

　　The European Court of Justice ruled that the veto held by Lower Saxony over strategic management decisions at Volkswagen, which has its headquarters in the German state, did not breach²⁰ EU rules. 欧洲法院裁定：下萨克森州持有大众汽车（总部设在德国）战略管理决策的否决权并不违背欧盟条约。

　　The European Commission brought the case, arguing that Germany had not complied with a previous ruling to dilute²¹ the" VW law". 欧盟委员会则认为德国没有遵守之前撤销“大众法”的判决。

　　Starbucks was roundly denounced on Chinese state television for selling lattes and cappuccinos at higher prices than in other countries, the latest in a string of criticisms directed at foreign companies operating in China. 近期，中国对外企在华经营模式展开了一系列批判，其中中国央视曾严厉指责星巴克以明显高于其他国家的价格在中国售卖拿铁和卡布奇诺咖啡。

　　Coffee sales in China have grown by 90% over the past few years, making it the second biggest market, after the United States, for Starbucks. 在过去的几年中，中国的咖啡销售额增长了90%，成为了星巴克继美国之后的第二大市场。

　　It says the criticisms are unfair. 星巴克对此做出回应，表示中国当局对其指责并不公平：

　　Local factors, such as a 15% import duty on roasted beans, help push up the price of a cup of coffee. 中国的咖啡价格比他国高昂存在很多原因，其首要原因就是地方因素，例如烘培咖啡豆的进口关税就要征收15%之多。

1 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

2 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

3 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

4 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

5 tenure   

n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期

参考例句：

• He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。
• Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。

6 extradition   

n.引渡（逃犯）

参考例句：

• The smuggler is in prison tonight,awaiting extradition to Britain.这名走私犯今晚在监狱，等待引渡到英国。
• He began to trouble concerning the extradition laws.他开始费尽心思地去想关于引渡法的问题。

7 evade   

vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

参考例句：

• He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
• You are in charge of the job.How could you evade the issue?你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否？

8 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

9 payrolls   

n.（公司员工的）工资名单( payroll的名词复数 )；（公司的）工资总支出，工薪总额

参考例句：

• Indices of employment, payrolls, and production steadied in February 1931931年2月，就业、工资额和生产指数稳定。 来自辞典例句
• Wall Street responded to the payrolls figures with gusto. 华尔街对就业数据作出了积极的反应。 来自互联网

10 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

11 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

12 contraction   

n.缩略词，缩写式，害病

参考例句：

• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
• The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

13 allaying   

v.减轻，缓和( allay的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Most important, improving the government's reputation means allaying political and human-rights concerns. 最重要的在于提高政府的声誉，这意味着需要缓和政治策略和关注人权间的矛盾。 来自互联网
• More reading may be allaying your doubt. 多读书或许可以减少你的疑惑。 来自互联网

14 merges   

（使）混合( merge的第三人称单数 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中

参考例句：

• The 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Mo Yan"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary". 2012年诺贝尔文学奖得主为莫言，他“很好地将魔幻现实与民间故事、历史与当代结合在一起”。
• A device that collates, merges, or matches sets of punched cards or other documents. 一种整理、合并或比较一组穿孔卡片或其它文档的设备。

15 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

16 streamline   

vt.使成流线型；使简化；使现代化

参考例句：

• We must streamline our methods.我们必须简化方法。
• Any liquid or gas passing it will have streamline flow.任何通过它的液体或气体将呈流线型的流动。

17 lighter   

n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级

参考例句：

• The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色，色调明朗了一些。
• The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。

18 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

19 underpinned   

v.用砖石结构等从下面支撑（墙等）( underpin的过去式和过去分词 )；加固（墙等）的基础；为（论据、主张等）打下基础；加强

参考例句：

• The report is underpinned by extensive research. 这份报告以广泛的研究为基础。
• The statue of Diana was underpinned with charred piles. Diana雕像是建造在炭化了的木桩上的。 来自辞典例句

20 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。

21 dilute   

vt.稀释，冲淡；adj.稀释的，冲淡的

参考例句：

• The water will dilute the wine.水能使酒变淡。
• Zinc displaces the hydrogen of dilute acids.锌置换了稀酸中的氢。