2023年经济学人 日本政府提名央行新行长

日本政府提名央行新行长

    The world this week--Business

    本周国际要闻--商业

    America’s annual inflation rate dipped to 6.4% in January, from 6.5% in December.

    美国的年通货膨胀率从12月的6.5%下降到1月的6.4%。

    Markets had expected a sharper fall.

    市场原本预计会出现更大幅度的下跌。

    Food prices were up by 10.1% year on year, and energy prices by 8.7%, which all point to further interest-rate rises from the Federal Reserve.

    食品价格同比上涨10.1%，能源价格同比上涨8.7%，这些都预示着美联储将进一步加息。

    In Britain inflation stood at 10.1% in January, down from 10.5% but still stubbornly high.

    英国1月份的通货膨胀率从10.5%下降到了10.1%，但仍然居高不下。

    Inflation has not been falling as fast there as in America and the EU, though the Bank of England thinks this will change when lower wholesale¹ energy prices start feeding through to consumers.

    尽管英格兰银行(英国央行)认为当能源批发价格下降开始影响到消费者时，这种情况将会改变，但英国的通胀并没有像美国和欧盟那样快速下降。

    The Japanese government nominated Ueda Kazuo to be the next governor of the Bank of Japan.

    日本政府提名植田和男为下一任日本银行(央行)行长。

    Speculation² had swirled³ for months about who would replace Kuroda Haruhiko, who steps down in April, but Mr Ueda was a surprise choice.

    几个月来，外界一直在猜测谁将接替将于4月卸任的黑田东彦，不过，选择植田和男当选是意料之外。

    He is a respected academic economist⁴; his appointment breaks the tradition of selecting someone from within the central bank or finance ministry⁵.

    他是一位受人尊敬的学院派经济学家; 他的任命打破了从央行内部或财政部内部选人的传统。

    Markets will be watching closely for any sign that Mr Ueda intends to adjust the BOJ’s ultra-loose policy.

    市场将密切关注植田和男任何有意调整日本央行超宽松政策的迹象。

    The delicate balancing act facing Mr Ueda was highlighted by the latest GDP figures for Japan.

    日本最新的国内生产总值数据突显了植田和男面临的微妙均势。

    The economy grew by 0.6% at an annualised rate in the final quarter of 2022, avoiding recession but a slower rate than had been expected after the easing of covid-19 restrictions⁶.

    2022年第四季度，日本经济按年率计算增长了0.6%，避免了衰退，但增速低于新冠放宽限制后的预期。

    GDP expanded by 1.1% for the whole year.

    全年国内生产总值增长1.1%。

    Air India said it would buy 470 planes from Airbus and Boeing to revamp its fleet, the biggest-ever order from a single airline.

    印度航空表示，将从空客和波音购买470架飞机改造机队，这是史上单个航空公司的最大订单。

    The carrier was privatised by the government after 70 years of state ownership, returning to the Tata Group, whose founder⁷ started the airline in 1932.

    这家航空公司在国有70年后被政府私有化，再次回到塔塔集团，该集团的创始人于1932年创办了这家航空公司。

    The order includes wide-bodied, long-distance jets, which will enable Air India to compete with Gulf⁸ airlines for Indian long-haul passengers and fly directly to America and Europe.

    该订单包括宽体远程喷气式飞机，这将使印度航空公司能够与海湾航空公司为争夺印度长途乘客而竞争，并且能够直飞美国和欧洲。

    Nelson Peltz ended his brief campaign to secure a seat on Disney’s board and force it to change.

    尼尔森·佩尔茨结束了他短暂的竞选活动，他想争取迪士尼董事会的席位，并迫使其进行改变。

    The activist⁹ investor¹⁰ terminated his proxy¹¹ battle after the company announced a restructuring of its business, which includes placing Disney+, its main streaming channel, in a new entertainment division overseeing all content decisions.

    这位激进投资者终止了代理权争夺战，此前，该公司宣布进行业务重组，重组内容包括将Disney+(迪士尼主要流媒体频道)放到一个负责监督所有内容决策的新娱乐部门。

    Mr Peltz’s firm said the new strategy was “a win” for shareholders¹².

    佩尔茨的公司表示，这次新战略对股东来说是“一场胜利”。

    After months of rumours¹³, Ford¹⁴ confirmed that it is cutting its workforce¹⁵ in Europe.

    谣言传了几个月后，福特公司证实将在欧洲裁员。

    The carmaker said that 3,800 jobs would go, accounting¹⁶ for 11% of its staff in the region.

    这家汽车制造商表示将裁减3800个工作岗位，占该地区员工总数的11%。

    Most of the cuts will be in Germany and Britain, as Ford prepares to ramp¹⁷ up production of electric vehicles, which need fewer workers to make than petrol-powered cars.

    大部分裁员将在德国和英国进行，因为福特准备提高电动汽车的产量，与汽油驱动的汽车相比，电动汽车需要的工人更少。

1 wholesale   

n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售

参考例句：

• The retail dealer buys at wholesale and sells at retail.零售商批发购进货物，以零售价卖出。
• Such shoes usually wholesale for much less.这种鞋批发出售通常要便宜得多。

2 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

3 swirled   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The waves swirled and eddied around the rocks. 波浪翻滚着在岩石周围打旋。
• The water swirled down the drain. 水打着旋流进了下水道。

4 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

5 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

6 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

7 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

8 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

9 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

10 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

11 proxy   

n.代理权，代表权；（对代理人的）委托书；代理人

参考例句：

• You may appoint a proxy to vote for you.你可以委托他人代你投票。
• We enclose a form of proxy for use at the Annual General Meeting.我们附上委任年度大会代表的表格。

12 shareholders   

n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
• the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任

13 rumours   

n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 )；风闻；谣言；谣传

参考例句：

• The rumours were completely baseless. 那些谣传毫无根据。
• Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。

14 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

15 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

16 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

17 ramp   

n.暴怒，斜坡，坡道；vi.作恐吓姿势，暴怒，加速；vt.加速

参考例句：

• That driver drove the car up the ramp.那司机将车开上了斜坡。
• The factory don't have that capacity to ramp up.这家工厂没有能力加速生产。